High-performance electrochemical biosensor for the detection of total cholesterol

Nanoporous Gold Electrodes and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistry

“…In this method, a fairly high concentration of HAuCl 4 was mixed with a reducing agent (e.g., ammonium formate, formaldehyde, and polyethylene glycol) and heated in an autoclave at 180 ∘ C for 8-10 hr. The Au-coated substrates were then annealed at 200-250 ∘ C under argon for several hours [174,[180][181][182]. The structure of these materials is a bit different than those formed by dealloying consisting of an aggregate network of gold nanoparticles that range in size of 50-500 nm forming pores/openings that are 10s to 100s of nanometers in size.…”

“…The one advantage these materials have is that they do not have any residual silver, but Ti is present. Figure 11 shows an SEM and its corresponding EDX of nanoporous gold formed in this manner [174]. These materials have been used Figure 11: SEM of nanoporous gold formed from a hydrothermal method (a) along with EDX analysis (b) and X-ray diffraction (c) [174].…”

“…as a nonenzymatic sensor to detect glucose with a reported detection limit of 14.8 M [181], glucose-oxidase-based sensor to detect glucose with a reported detection limit of 2.5 M [180], horseradish-peroxidase-immobilized sensor to detect hydrogen peroxide (detection limit of 2 × 10 −8 M) [182], and in the detection of cholesterol [174]. A roughness factor of 5.9 [174] and 19 [181] has been reported.…”

Nanomaterials towards fabrication of cholesterol biosensors: Key roles and design approaches

“…The biosensor showed a wide linear range (up to 300 mg dL −1 ). The developed biosensor was also demonstrated to have potential application in the food industry (Ahmadalinezhad and Chen, 2011). Huang et al designed a dual enzymatic biosensor for the detection of glucose and cholesterol simultaneously in the serum of peritoneal macrophage (PMs) of diabetic mice to explore their relationship in the development of diabetes accelerated atherosclerosis.…”

Electrochemical and optical properties of a conducting polymer and its use in a novel biosensor for the detection of cholesterol

“…Cholesterol is one of the most important molecules found in the cell membranes of all animal and human cells since abnormality of the cholesterol level in the human blood causes several serious diseases. High cholesterol level in the blood serum is strongly associated with coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis while lower level of cholesterol concentration in blood causes anemia and wasting syndrome [1,2]. Since undesirable accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of arteries blocks the proper flow of blood, the level of cholesterol in serum is an indicator in the diagnosis and prevention of heart diseases.…”