High performance direct organic fuel cell using the acetone/isopropanol liquid organic hydrogen carrier system

Hauenstein, Pascal; Seeberger, Dominik; Wasserscheid, Peter; Thiele, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106786

Cited by 36 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Saturated C 3 alcohols, especially isopropanol, which is the smallest secondary alcohol, have been of great interest as potential fuels for fuel cells. They are less toxic than methanol, and the direct alcohol fuel cells that use them for electricity production perform better than DMFCs because of the much lower crossover current, which is limited due to the size of C 3 alcohol molecules, which are larger than methanol [ 59 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 ].…”

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main product of propanol oxidation is propanal, and the isopropanol product stream consists of almost only acetone. The presence of these high molecular weight products is related to the high stability of inter-carbon bonds, which are very difficult to break on the surface of the electrode [ 135 , 161 , 195 , 197 , 198 , 199 ]. The oxidation of both propanol isomers is possible with the use of a PdAg catalyst.…”

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the products stream, only a little amount of CO 2 is detected [ 161 , 198 ]. The absence of CO and its intermediates is one of the greatest advantages of isopropanol as a fuel because it lowers the chances of occurring of the phenomenon of self-poisoning of the system with CO intermediates and allows power generation without carbon dioxide emission [ 197 , 199 ]. Additionally, isopropanol’s oxidation to acetone takes place in a lower potential region than its complete oxidation to CO intermediates and further to carbon dioxide, which makes it more efficient [ 198 , 199 ].…”

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation to acetone, instead of full oxidation to carbon dioxide, is one of the greatest advantages of direct isopropanol fuel cells. Because of the lack of CO 2 emissions, this kind of fuel cell is carbon neutral and thus is even more environmentally friendly than other fuel cell technologies [ 197 , 199 ]. Additionally, because of this reaction, the isopropanol and acetone system can act as a liquid hydrogen carrier—a pair of hydrogen-rich (isopropanol) and hydrogen lean (acetone) molecules that can be used as hydrogen sources with repeated catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycles.…”

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fuel cell, the role of the catalyst is played by the electrocatalytic materials, from which the electrodes are made. Such a solution can be very convenient because hydrogen as a fuel has many interesting features, such as high gravimetric energy storage, and enables fully de-fossilized energy production [ 197 , 199 ]. Because classical approaches to hydrogen storage, such as compression or cooling, do not seem to be effective, other methods of hydrogen storage must be developed.…”

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effect of Anode Material on Electrochemical Oxidation of Low Molecular Weight Alcohols—A Review

Wala

Simka

2021

Molecules

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The growing climate crisis inspires one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century—developing novel power sources. One of the concepts that offer clean, non-fossil electricity production is fuel cells, especially when the role of fuel is played by simple organic molecules, such as low molecular weight alcohols. The greatest drawback of this technology is the lack of electrocatalytic materials that would enhance reaction kinetics and good stability under process conditions. Currently, electrodes for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are mainly based on platinum, which not only provides a poor reaction rate but also readily deactivates because of poisoning by reaction products. Because of these disadvantages, many researchers have focused on developing novel electrode materials with electrocatalytic properties towards the oxidation of simple alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol or propanol. This paper presents the development of electrode materials and addresses future challenges that still need to be overcome before direct alcohol fuel cells can be commercialized.

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Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrooxidation Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of Anode Material on Electrochemical Oxidation of Low Molecular Weight Alcohols—A Review

Wala

Simka

2021

Molecules

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Quantification of Organic Solvent Concentration Profiles in Ion Exchange Membranes Via Confocal Raman Microscopy

Götz,

Komma,

Dworschak

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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The perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes used in direct alcohol fuel cells cause low faradaic efficiency and performance due to alcohol absorption and permeation. Thus, a measurement setup is sought that enables a direct evaluation of the suitability of polymer electrolytes for this application. A 3D‐printed diffusion cell setup capable of measuring the interaction between the organic solvents, such as alcohols, and a proton exchange membrane via confocal Raman microscopy is introduced. The cell design employs flow channels to mimic the flow fields of electrochemical cell tests. Exemplarily, information on the interaction of membranes like Nafion 212 and the composite membrane Nafion XL with 1 m solutions of organic solvents such as 2‐propanol, acetone, and ethanol are provided to demonstrate the applicability of this setup. The Raman diffusion cell is capable of quantifying the preferred solvent uptake, which is characterized by the sorption coefficient, the permeability, and the concentration gradient within the membrane. These properties can be obtained in situ and in a time‐resolved manner. Thus, this diffusion cell setup is a powerful and accessible tool for screening membrane compatibility with various liquids.

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Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Valentini

Marrocchi

Vaccaro

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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consumption combined with a resource efficient circular economy approach, with the final goal of minimizing the impact of health, safety, security and environment.In the design of a greener future, the replacement of depleting sources with renewable ones is at the center of a sustainable development. [2] Biomass is a natural, abundant, renewable, carbon-neutral source; its use represents a promising strategy to address the need for substituting fossil feedstock in the preparation of chemicals, fuels, and materials, besides energy production. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The major issues that limit the large-scale utilization of biomass in fuel production are the differences in cost and process efficiencies compared to those for fossil fuels. [15] After the Covid-19 crisis, this aspect has become even more evident, as reported by the International Agency of Energy, ultimately causing the first contraction in biofuel production over the past two decades. [16] The reduced transport fuel demand and the decreased petroleum-based fuel prices have transitorily lowered the economic interest for biofuel production. In this pandemic and emergency scenario, therefore, has emerged even more clearly the importance of developing efficient strategies for biomass conversion into fuels, making economically attractive the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy systems (Figure 1). [17] Among the plethora of biomass transformations, hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions are widely used for decreasing the oxygen content of biomass-derived platforms to increase their potential as fuels. [18][19][20] In this context, as well as in the challenging goal of creating a decarbonized energy system, hydrogen plays a prominent role in the chemical industry. [21][22][23][24] It is important to notice that the vast majority of the worldwide hydrogen production (45-65 Mt/year) features a significant CO 2 footprint as a consequence of different hydrocarbon reforming processes (i.e., steam-reforming of fossil fuels, thermal cracking of natural gas, solar-thermal reforming of methane) or of coal gasification. [25] Several efforts have been directed during the past years toward the definition of possible effective approaches to a green H 2 production by water splitting. [26][27][28][29][30][31] To date, however, both water electrolysis and photo-driven water splitting are economically and energetically unfavorable, with a long way ahead to hold the promise of a zero-carbon energy system. Indeed, the associated energy demand as well as the low market prices of oxygen, inevitably co-produced from water electrolysis, hinder the shaping of a large-scale employment of this technology.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are attractive materials for their ability to generate in situ hydrogen that may be directly used to produce target biofuel precursors, fuels or fuel additives. Indeed, the replacement of fossil feedstock is an urgent necessity for shifting toward a carbon neutral energy economy. Several desired chemica...

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High performance direct organic fuel cell using the acetone/isopropanol liquid organic hydrogen carrier system

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Anode Material on Electrochemical Oxidation of Low Molecular Weight Alcohols—A Review

Effect of Anode Material on Electrochemical Oxidation of Low Molecular Weight Alcohols—A Review

Quantification of Organic Solvent Concentration Profiles in Ion Exchange Membranes Via Confocal Raman Microscopy

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

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