High-performance direct-coupled gyrators

Holmes, W.H.; Gruetzmann, S.; Heinlein, W.

doi:10.1049/el:19670035

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Also, it is not possible to implement an efficient gyrator with only one amplifier [61]. Many published transistor-based gyrator circuits can be integrated [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], but because a special-purpose integrated circuit must be manufactured, the cost per device is expected to be significant. However, integrated-circuit opamps are commonly available as off-the-shelf components, and they are inexpensive, so they can be used to design practical gyrators [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Appendix A: Gyrator Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This circuit allows temperature-independent and high Q-factor inductance generation from a low-loss, integratable capacitor [38]. In [44], the design of a new integratable high-performance direct-coupled gyrator circuit is explained, as well as other design features. Simulated inductances of up to 200 H are reached in the proposed design, with stable Q-factors of several thousand.…”

Section: Appendix A: Gyrator Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous publications on the development and deployment of the gyrator have been written since its invention. Gyrators have been designed using vacuum tubes, transistors [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], and operational amplifiers (opamps) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] due to their nonreciprocal property. In addition, a brief review of various methods and electronic circuits to realize the gyrator is summarized in Appendix A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy

et al. 2022

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Exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) can enhance the sensitivity of circuits by orders of magnitude. We show various configurations of coupled LC resonators via a gyrator that support EPDs of second and third-order. Each resonator includes a capacitor and inductor with a positive or negative value, and the corresponding EPD frequency could be real or imaginary. When a perturbation occurs in the second-order EPD gyrator-based circuit, we show that there are two real-valued frequencies shifted from the EPD one, following a square root law. This is contrary to what happens in a Parity-Time (PT) symmetric circuits where the two perturbed resonances are complex valued. We show how to get a stable EPD by coupling two unstable resonators, how to get an unstable EPD with an imaginary frequency, and how to get an EPD with a real frequency using an asymmetric gyrator. The relevant Puiseux fractional power series expansion shows the EPD occurrence and the circuit's sensitivity to perturbations. Our findings pave the way for new types of high-sensitive devices that can be used to sense physical, chemical, or biological changes.

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Section: Appendix A: Gyrator Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix A: Gyrator Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy

et al. 2022

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“…An ideal gyrator is a nonreciprocal linear two-port device whose current on one port is related to the voltage on the other port. More details about the gyrator and various realization methods are discussed in references [48][49][50][51]. The instantaneous relations between voltages and currents on the gyrator are described by…”

Section: Epd In Gyrator-based Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to achieve exceptional points in coupled resonators using a gyrator or PT-symmetry, and in a time-modulated single resonator: high sensitivity to perturbations

et al. 2022

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We study the rise of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in various distinct circuit configurations such as gyrator-based coupled resonators, coupled resonators with PT-symmetry, and in a single resonator with a time-varying component. In particular, we analyze their high sensitivity to changes in resistance, capacitance, and inductance and show the high sensitivity of the resonance frequency to perturbations. We also investigate stability and instability conditions for these configurations; for example, the effect of losses in the gyrator-based circuit leads to instability, and it may break the symmetry in the PT-symmetry-based circuit, also resulting in instabilities. Instability in the PT-symmetry circuit is also generated by breaking PT-symmetry when one element (e.g., a capacitor) is perturbed due to sensing. We have turned this instability “inconvenience” to an advantage, and we investigate the effect of nonlinear gain in the PT-symmetry coupled-resonator circuit and how this leads to an oscillator with oscillation frequency very sensitive to perturbation. The circuits studied in this paper have the potential to lead the way for a more efficient generation of high-sensitivity sensors that can detect very small changes in chemical, biological, or physical quantities.

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A gyrator‐rc double‐tuned band‐pass amplifier a step towards the integrated I.F. amplifier of a broadcast receiver

Atiya

1974

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYA gyrator-RC twoport has the response of a conventional double-tuned transformer-coupled intermediate frequency amplifier stage. It uses two grounded gyrators and a II of capacitors to replace the transformer, and is designed for low sensitivity. Stages can be stagger-tuned for a prescribed response. Suitable novel gyrator circuits are developed and measured. Measurements of the gyrator-RC double-tuned circuits give the known double-tuned response with critical, over-and under-critical coupling. A receiver circuit is suggested from the mixer to the detector in view of the gain, selectivity, A.G.C., swing and stability requirements. This circuit has to be reconsidered and possibly modified in later work for the purpose of integration.

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High-performance direct-coupled gyrators

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy

High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy

How to achieve exceptional points in coupled resonators using a gyrator or PT-symmetry, and in a time-modulated single resonator: high sensitivity to perturbations

A gyrator‐rc double‐tuned band‐pass amplifier a step towards the integrated I.F. amplifier of a broadcast receiver

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