High performance design for detecting NaI–water concentrations using a two-dimensional phononic crystal biosensor

Abstract

In this research, the sensing NaI (sodium iodide)–water concentration is achieved by using a local resonant two-dimensional solid–liquid phononic crystal (PnC) design. The sensor design consists of a square arrangement from stainless steel as a host matrix and a periodic array of water-filled circular scatterers. The sensing mechanism is based on the resonance frequencies confined around the NaI waveguide embedded in the middle of the sensor structure. Numerical simulations are carried out based on the finite element method (FEM). Our results showed that the resonant peak frequency varies significantly with the different NaI–water concentrations in the waveguide. Also, the sensor can differentiate between concentrations from 6%–45% with a 1% step, which is very acceptable for accurate detection and can solve many challenges in medical applications. Further, the sensor provided high performance for all NaI–water concentrations. For example, for a concentration range of 6% − 7%, the sensor has a sensitivity of 1714 Hz, a resolution of 59.5 Hz, a quality factor of 1401, a figure of merit (FOM) of 28, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.

Tubular phononic crystal sensor

“…Firstly, the transmission spectrum should display well-defined features, secondly these features are highly sensitive to the acoustic velocity of the fluid to be analyzed. High performance designs have been demonstrated by several authors who introduced cavities 16,17 , slots 18,19 or waveguides 20…”

Periodic and quasi-periodic one-dimensional phononic crystal biosensor: a comprehensive study for optimum sensor design

“…By using this method, the acoustic properties of the NaI solution can be obtained, such as mass density, ultrasonic velocity, and viscosity. 20,72,73…”

“…Previous experimental studies were considered to obtain further data on the different concentrations of the NaI solution as opposed to its acoustic properties (density and sound velocity) 73–76 as shown in Table 2. Thus, the relationship between the concentrations and acoustic properties might be generalized by quantitatively fitting the data.…”

Hybrid Tamm plasmon resonance excitation towards a simple and efficient biomedical detector of NaI solution

“…In particular, Table 2 supports this idea compared to its counterparts in optical, photonic and phononic devices. [78][79][80][81][82][83]…”