High Performance Computing

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the major trends and changes in the High-Performance Computing (HPC) market place since the beginning of the journal`Parallel Computing'. The initial success of vector computers in the 1970s was driven by raw performance. The introduction of this type of computer systems started the area of`Supercomputing'. In the 1980s the availability of standard development environments and of application software packages became more important. Next to performance these factors determined the success of MP vector systems, especially at industrial customers. MPPs became successful in the early 1990s due to their better price/performance ratios, which was made possible by the attack of the`killer-micros'. In the lower and medium market segments the MPPs were replaced by microprocessor based symmetrical multiprocessor (SMP) systems in the middle of the 1990s. There success formed the basis for the use of new cluster concepts for very high-end systems. In the last few years only the companies which have entered the emerging markets for massive parallel database servers and ®nancial applications attract enough business volume to be able to support the hardware development for the numerical high-end computing market as well. Success in the traditional¯oating point intensive engineering applications seems to be no longer sucient for survival in the market. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 0167-8191/99/$ -see front matter Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 7 -8 1 9 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 6 7 -8 1. Introductioǹ`T