High-performance capacitive deionization using nitrogen and phosphorus-doped three-dimensional graphene with tunable pore size

Han, Deng-Cheng; Zhang, Chun-Miao; Guan, Jing; Gai, Li-Hong; Yue, Rengyu; Liu, Linna; Afzal, Muhammad Zaheer; Song, Chao; Wang, Shuguang; Sun, Xiaohua

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135639

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…AC-3 takes only around 1,600 s to reach equilibrium, indicating that it had a better desalination performance than the others. This is corroborated by the higher electrosorption capacity of AC-3 than that of AC (inset of Figure 5(d)) (Han et al 2020). Evidently, although the co-ion expulsion effect is probably enhanced when AC-x is used as the anode in CDI, anions could still be effectively adsorbed onto the electrode.…”

Section: Desalination Performance Of the Capacitive Deionization Cellmentioning

confidence: 60%

Selective adsorption of phosphate by carboxyl-modified activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization

Miao

Deng

Chen

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) has been considered as a promising technology for removing phosphate from water but suffer inferior selectivity and electrosorption performances for phosphate of current carbon electrodes in CDI. Herein, we achieved highly selective phosphate removal from a ternary effluent of Cl−, , and by using nitric acid-treated activated carbon (AC) with various modification times and pure AC as the anode and cathode, a novel phosphate selective asymmetric CDI reactor. The results showed that carboxyl groups greatly grafted on the materials after modification (varying from 0.00084 to 0.0012 mol g−1). The phosphate selectivity of the present research was higher than that of unmodified CDI, and it increased with the increase of carboxyl groups content. The highest phosphate selectivity (2.01) in modified materials is almost six times higher than that of pure AC. Moreover, the modified electrodes exhibited good regenerative ability with a phosphate desorption efficiency of around 72.12% during the adsorption/desorption process and great stability during the cycling experiment. These results demonstrated that the innovative application of nitric acid-modified AC can effectively selectively remove phosphate from mixed anion solution, opening a hopeful window to selective adsorption in water treatment by CDI.

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Section: Desalination Performance Of the Capacitive Deionization Cellmentioning

confidence: 60%

Selective adsorption of phosphate by carboxyl-modified activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization

Miao

Deng

Chen

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some folds and no obvious holes in the graphene sheets, indicating that the rich mesoporous structure doesn't originate from the holes in the sheets, but it is formed by the intersections between the sheets. 42 As shown in Table 1, after the thermal reduction of GO, the specific surface area and the quantity of mesopores increase obviously. However, the number of large and mesoporous holes decreases due to the collapse of the 3D structure at excessive temperature (1050 °C).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The structural evolution of 3D-RGO with reduction temperature and its effect on capacitive deionization performance

Liu

Chen

Feng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…There have been attempts made to increase hydrophilicity and wettability of graphene by loading with heteroatom such as nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur as explained in Section 4.1.4. Han et al (2020) synthesized nitrogen and phosphorus doped 3D graphene having tunable pore size through phosphoric acid activation. The specific surface area and specific capacitance obtained were 567 m 2 /g and 177 F/g, respectively.…”

Section: Graphene-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Datar

Mane

Jha

2022

Water Environment Research

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Capacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox‐active electrolytes, or ion specific pre‐intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon‐based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization. Practitioner Points Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications. Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion‐intercalation processes. Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals. Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC. In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.

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High-performance capacitive deionization using nitrogen and phosphorus-doped three-dimensional graphene with tunable pore size

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Selective adsorption of phosphate by carboxyl-modified activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization

Selective adsorption of phosphate by carboxyl-modified activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization

The structural evolution of 3D-RGO with reduction temperature and its effect on capacitive deionization performance

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

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