High Performance and Long‐cycle Life Rechargeable Aluminum Ion Battery: Recent Progress, Perspectives and Challenges

Abstract

The rising energy crisis and environmental concerns caused by fossil fuels have accelerated the deployment of renewable and sustainable energy sources and storage systems. As a result of immense progress in the field, cost-effective, high-performance, and long-life rechargeable batteries are imperative to meet the current and future demands for sustainable energy sources. Currently, lithium-ion batteries are widely used, but limited lithium (Li) resources have caused price spikes, threatening progress toward cleaner energy sources. Therefore, post-Li, batteries that utilize highly abundant materials leading to cost-effective energy storage solutions while offering desirable performance characteristics are urgently needed. Aluminum-ion battery (AIB) is an attractive concept that uses highly abundant aluminum while offering a high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric capacity of 2980 mAh g À 1 and 8046 mAh cm À 3 , respectively. As a result, intensified efforts have been made in recent years to utilize numerous electrolytes, anodes, and cathode materials to improve the electrochemical performance of AIBs, and potentially create high-performance, low-cost, and safe energy storage devices. Herein, recent progress in the electrolyte, anode, and cathode active materials and their utilization in AIBs and their related characteristics are summarized. Finally, the main challenges facing AIBs along with future directions are highlighted.

Recent Developments on Electroactive Organic Electrolytes for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects

“…NARFBs represent an emerging class of energy storage technologies that offer several advantages compared to already developed technologies, such as aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors (SCs), hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), and other conventional methods. [20][21][22][23][24] NARFB technology has several advantages such as high efficiency, high energy density, long cycle life, fast response times, safety, and scalability. Moreover, NARFBs can utilize a variety of redox couples to make it a cost-effective and viable storage option.…”

“…This complex has poor stability and produces an energy efficiency of only 40 %. After two decades, Mun et al [42] established an organic RFB composed of propylene carbonate electrolyte with Fe(Bpy) 3 (BF 4 ) 2 (21) and Ni(Bpy) 3 (BF 4 ) 2 (22) as the catholyte and anolyte at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.2 M, respectively. The energy and CEs of the oxidized Fe(II)/Fe(III) and reduced Ni(II)/Ni(0) couples were 81.8 % and 90.4 %, respectively.…”

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

“…It is apparent that there are several factors that can impact the conductivity, such as using different measurement methods, varying purities of LA/LB salts, and temperature. There is a significant need to improve the conductivity to enhance the performance of the liquid electrolyte, and this point has been reiterated by several groups. ,,,− …”

Antimony Sulfide-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects

“…When electric energy derived from renewable energy is directedly inputted into the electric energy transport system, irreversible damage would be noted, resulting in many security issues. Therefore, exploring advanced energy storage systems (ESSs) with safe, efficient, and low-cost traits was of great significance. − As vital members of energy-storage devices, alkali-ion batteries showed fascinating energy-storage performances, which have been widely utilized in portable electronic products and large electric vehicles . Among them, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) showed high energy density, long-term cycling stability, and considerable working voltage, − which have been maturely used in transportation, , marine, aerospace, , and other fields.…”