High performance all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on cyanobiphenyl-functionalized imidazolium-type ionic crystals

Three-armed imidazolium phenoxy ionic liquid as a novel crystal growth inhibitor for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

“…2b to further investigate the thermal properties of the electrolyte. With the addition of TIPIL, the melting point (T m ) of EMII decreases from 79 o C to 50 o C, which is consistent with the previously reported phenomenon of the inhibitor EMIBF 4 [11]. And the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity for the electrolyte is obtained by subsequent conductivity testing.…”

“…As crystal growth inhibitors, they were expected to prevent the EMII from crystallization and improve the performance of ssDSSCs [10][11][12][13]. In this regard, DSC scans were obtained in Fig.…”

“…As many other crystal growth inhibitions such as EMIBF 4 [11], the morphous TIPIL is added into EMII as the inhibition of the crystal growth and is chosen with the addition of 20 wt% of TIPIL into the EMII, which is still solid state form at room temperature. The top views of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of TiO 2 films filling of EMII and TIPIL doped EMII are illustrated in Fig.…”

“…Unfortunately, EMII and other ionic crystals are easy to crystallize and prevent the filling of electrolytes into porous TiO 2 films, resulting in the poor efficiencies [10]. To one's excitement, some researches have found that crystal growth inhibitors could hinder EMII from crystallizing in the ssDSSCs [7][8][9][10][11]. Although many scientists have made great progress in the research of the crystal growth inhibitors, the performance of the EMII-based ssDSSCs is still unsatisfying due to its crystallization.…”

Microporous cesium salts of tetravalent Keggin-type polyoxotungstates Cs4[SiW12O40], Cs4[PW11O39(Sn-n-C4H9)], and Cs4[PW11O39(Sn-OH)] and their adsorption properties

“…Ionic crystals, which are important families of crystalline materials, have been attracting considerable interest because of their unique chemical and physical properties, which depend on their crystalline structures and constituent ions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Normally, cations and anions are densely packed in the crystal lattice, with the coordination numbers determined by the relative sizes and charges of the constituent ions since the Coulombic forces are strong and directionless.…”