High-Performance All-Bio-Based Laminates Derived from Delignified Wood

Abstract

The need for renewable bio-based materials that could replace wellestablished synthetic composite materials is rapidly growing. For example, bio-based materials are increasingly used in applications where a lightweight design should be combined with sustainability and recyclability. However, it is often very challenging to directly transfer the excellent properties of biological materials to a product in a scalable and cost-efficient manner. In this study, we combined delignified wood layers (veneers) and a starch-based glue into bio-based high-performance composites. First, we investigated the ideal amount of starch-based glue between the layers to prevent delamination in the final composite. Then, we produced laminates in unidirectional, cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic configurations using wet processing. Laminates with tensile properties up to 40 GPa and 200 MPa in tensile stiffness and strength, respectively, were fabricated with a very high fiber volume content of up to 80%. The high fiber volume contents led to mechanical interlocks between neighboring fibers and made the need for an additional matrix unnecessary. The water-based laminate process is cost-efficient and scalable and additionally allows one to make full use of delignified wood's formability by producing shaped parts for various applications.

Anisotropic, ultrastrong and light-transmission film designed on wheat straw

“…We parallelly arranged and densified the DWS in the model of rafts. Since cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of a linear chain of β(1 → 4)-linked d -glucose units, 36 which is a highly oriented material, the WSF achieved a high degree of directionality from the macrostructure to the microstructure level. This densification strategy made it a film with light transmission and high strength.…”

Recombinant Spider Silk Protein and Delignified Wood Form a Strong Adhesive System

“…31 Remaining at the interface, the applied amount of starch has been shown to affect performance, and has been optimized previously. 27 To understand the spreading of CBM-eADF3-CBM in the cellulose matrix, we analyzed the distribution of protein in the samples. For this, we used 3 H-radiolabeled CBM-eADF3-CBM and analyzed the spreading of the protein in the sample by both autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting.…”

“…As another reference adhesive, we used starch as it has been previously suggested as an adhesive for delignified wood. 27 ■ EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Protein Expression in E. coli and Purification. The engineered silk protein CBM-eADF3-CBM having a triblock structure was made as previously described.…”

Hydrogen-Bonding-Aided Fabrication of Wood Derived Cellulose Scaffold/Aramid Nanofiber into High-Performance Bulk Material

“…The specific strength is a kind of very important index in practical application. A comparison of specific tensile strength with conventional construction materials and lignocellulosic structural materials, including concrete, stainless steel (304, SS), aluminum alloy (6061-T6, AA), magnesium alloy (MA), strong and tough material (STM) [40], bio-based laminate (BBL) [19], ultrastrong and tough material (UTM) [25] and high-strength composite (HSC) [16] was plotted in Figure 4d. The specific strength of CCS AD-ANF is significantly greater than that of traditional building materials and it even can match high-performance wooden structural composites.…”

“…In recent years, partial or full delignification pretreatment while retaining hierarchical structure of the natural wood has been a strong focus due to their excellent mechanical properties and promising serve as functionality for advanced composite materials [10][11][12][13][14][15]. After delignification, the following processes, such as polymer matrix impregnation and densification processes, were used to fabricate structure-retaining cellulosic composites with improved mechanical performance and novel functionalities [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] such as Yano et al impregnated phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin into delignified wood, following by compression to different density levels and studied mechanical properties. The results showed the bending strength up to 670 MPa and elastic modulus up to 62 GPa [24].…”