High performance acousto-optic chalcogenide glass based on Ga2S3La2S3 systems

Abdulhalim, Ibrahim; Pannell, C.N.; Deol, R.S.; Hewak, D.W.; Wylangowski, G.; Payne, D.N.

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(93)91228-u

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…With respect to the observation of unusual emission transitions a particularly notable glass is gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS). GLS has a transmission window of ~0.5-10 µm [16], a high refractive index of ~2.4 which results in high radiative emission rates, and a low maximum phonon energy of ~425 cm −1 which results in low nonradiative decay rates [17]. These effects have led to high quantum efficiencies for transitions with a small energy gap to the next lower lying energy level [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrabroad emission from a bismuth doped chalcogenide glass

et al. 2009

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Abstract:We report emission from a bismuth doped chalcogenide glass which is flattened, has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 600 nm, peaks at 1300 nm and covers the entire telecommunications window. At cryogenic temperatures the FWHM reaches 850 nm. The quantum efficiency and lifetime were as high as 32% and 175 µs, respectively. We also report two new bismuth emission bands at 2000 and 2600 nm. Absorption bands at 680, 850, 1020 and 1180 nm were observed. The 1180 nm absorption band was previously unobserved. We suggest that the origin of the emission in Bi:GLS is Bi 45-50 (1996). 36. J. Ren, J. Qiu, D. Chen, C. Wang, X. Jiang, and C. Zhu, "Infrared luminescence properties of bismuth-doped barium silicate glasses,"

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrabroad emission from a bismuth doped chalcogenide glass

et al. 2009

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“…Gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) has a transmission window of ~0.5-10 ?m [1], a high refractive index of ~2.4, and a low maximum phonon energy of ~425 cm -1 which results in low non-radiative decay rates [2]. These properties allowed the observation of low-energy transitions which are not seen in other hosts, for example the first observation of the 4.9 ?m fluorescence from the 5 I 4 > 5 I 5 transition of Ho 3+ [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Determination of the oxidation state and coordination of a vanadium doped chalcogenide glass

Hughes¹,

Curry²,

Hewak³

2011

Optical Materials

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Vanadium doped chalcogenide glass has potential as an active gain medium, particularly at telecommunications wavelengths. This dopant has three spin allowed absorption transitions at 1100, 737 and 578 nm, and a spin forbidden absorption transition at 1000 nm. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy indicated the presence of vanadium in a range of oxidation states from V + to V 5+ . Excitation of each absorption band resulted in the same characteristic emission spectrum and lifetime, indicating that only one oxidation state is optically active. Arguments based on TanabeSugano analysis indicated that the configuration of the optically active vanadium ion was octahedral V 2+ . The calculated crystal field parameters (Dq/B, B and C/B) were 1.85, 485.1 and 4.55, respectively. IntroductionDetermination of the oxidative state of an active ion dopant is important for optical device applications as it determines the energy levels within the material available for use. Knowledge of the oxidation state is therefore needed when modelling the radiative and non-radiative transitions that occur in an optical material. The oxidation states of transition metal ions are particularly difficult to identify by spectroscopy as their bonding d electrons also determine their electronic energy levels and they are therefore strongly dependent on both the strength and the arrangement (coordination) of the neighbouring atoms electric field. In contrast, rare-earth metals, in which the electronic energy levels are determined by the 4f electrons which do not take part in bonding and are shielded by the 5s5p electrons, the oxidation state can be identified relatively easily by spectroscopy. Amorphous glass hosts, with their tendency to result in mixed oxidation states due to significant variation in the local environment, lead to a complex superposition of electronic states when doped, which exacerbates the problem of spectroscopic analysis of transition metals.Chalcogenide glasses often exhibit low phonon energy and this allows the observation of optical transitions in dopants that are not observed in traditional glasses such as silica. Gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) has a transmission window of ~0.5-10 ?m [1], a high refractive index of ~2.4, and a low maximum phonon energy of ~425 cm -1 which results in low non-radiative decay rates [2]. These properties allowed the observation of low-energy transitions which are not seen in other hosts, for example the first observation of the 4.9 ?m fluorescence from the 5 I 4 > 5 I 5 transition of Ho 3+ [3]. Also, rarely observed Ti 3+ emission [4] and long-wavelength emission from Bi [5] have both also been reported from GLS host glasses.

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“…Table 1 summarizes the applications of chalcogenide materials. Chalcogenide glasses have important characteristics including optical nonlinearity, 12) electrooptic and acousto optics 13) properties, and crucially a transmission range which extends to wavelengths far beyond the range of silica and many other glasses. Passive and active applications 3) include IR transmitting optical fibers, infrared windows and lenses for use in thermal and infrared laser systems, medical applications such as endoscopy using mid infrared (Er: YAG`2.9 mm) lasers, telecommunications devices exploiting the materials unique spectroscopic properties or, for other applications such as high speed switching exploiting the materials high optical nonlinearity, to name only a few examples.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%