High‐parity vertical Reed‐Solomon codes for long GNSS high‐accuracy messages

Fernández‐Hernández, Ignacio; Senni, Tommaso; Borio, Daniele; Vecchione, Giovanni

doi:10.1002/navi.357

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This level of protection is complemented by a second layer implemented at the constellation level: each Galileo satellite transmits a different subset of HAS pages encoded using a Reed-Solomon approach [3,21]. This approach allows one to reconstruct the original message with any subset of received pages of sufficient size.…”

Section: Has Message Format and Decoding Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach allows one to reconstruct the original message with any subset of received pages of sufficient size. This mechanism is better detailed in [3] and allows the generation of a redundant set of N pages from an original message of K unencoded pages. Any subset of K different pages out of the N broadcast pages enables the reconstruction of the original HAS message.…”

Section: Has Message Format and Decoding Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Galileo HAS has adopted a Reed-Solomon-based encoding system [3] to effectively encode and disseminate PPP corrections. The original HAS message is divided into K pages that are encoded into a redundant set of N pages and the encoding process is performed using standard approaches based on the properties of Reed-Solomon codes [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A receiver will be able to recover the original message by collecting any subset of unique K encoded pages; this property is ensured by the Reed-Solomon encoding scheme [4,5], which has been designed to minimize the Time-to-Retrieve Data (TTRD), i.e., the time needed by a receiver to recover the HAS message [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MT1 Full Corrections (MT1FC): including satellite masks, orbit and clock corrections, and code and phase biases [3,6],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Galileo E6B Data Demodulation Performance at High Latitudes: A Norwegian Vessel Case Study

et al. 2021

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The Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is currently in its testing phase, in which actual corrections are transmitted along with standard dummy messages. The dissemination of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) corrections is performed using an innovative scheme based on a Reed–Solomon code, which allows the reconstruction of the original navigation message from a subset of received pages. This approach introduces robustness to the reception process and aims at reducing the Time-to-Retrieve Data (TTRD); that is, the time to retrieve the HAS message. This study investigated the HAS demodulation performance considering Galileo signals collected at high latitudes. In particular, a Galileo E6-capable receiver was mounted on a vessel sailing from Bergen to Kirkenes, Norway, and reaching up to 71 degrees North. The trajectory of the vessel was at the border of the Galileo HAS service area and high-latitudes impact reception conditions, potentially leading to poor satellite geometries. Three months of data from January to March 2021 were analyzed, considering several metrics including Bit Error Rate (BER), Page Error Rate (PER), and TTRD. The analysis shows that the Reed–Solomon scheme adopted for data dissemination is also effective at high-latitudes, with daily PER below one percent and mean TTRD in the order of eight seconds when three satellites are broadcasting valid HAS corrections. Lower values of the TTRD are achieved with an increased number of satellites. These values are significantly lower than the update rate of the corrections broadcast by the Galileo HAS.

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Section: Has Message Format and Decoding Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Has Message Format and Decoding Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MT1 Full Corrections (MT1FC): including satellite masks, orbit and clock corrections, and code and phase biases [3,6],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Galileo E6B Data Demodulation Performance at High Latitudes: A Norwegian Vessel Case Study

et al. 2021

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PPP/PPP‐RTK open formats: Overview, comparison, and proposal for an interoperable message

2021

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This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP‐RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPP‐RTK services to the well‐known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication layers. We show how the proposed formats relate to the current standards, mainly RTCM SSR and CSSR, and what their differences and similarities are in terms of transmitted corrections and bandwidth. We compare the efficiency of the existing formats in two scenarios: a global PPP scenario with multi‐GNSS corrections, and a regional PPP‐RTK scenario, also multi‐GNSS and including ionospheric corrections. We propose an interoperable format that can be an extension to CSSR and allows efficient transmission of corrections for both global‐scale MEO‐based PPP as well as nationwide IGSO/GEO‐based PPP‐RTK.

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Ionospheric corrections tailored to the Galileo High Accuracy Service

Rovira‐Garcia

Timoté

Zornoza

et al. 2021

J Geod

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The Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is a new capability of the European Global Navigation Satellite System that is currently under development. The Galileo HAS will start providing satellite orbit and clock corrections (i.e. non-dispersive effects) and soon it will also correct dispersive effects such as inter-frequency biases and, in its full capability, ionospheric delay. We analyse here an ionospheric correction system based on the fast precise point positioning (Fast-PPP) and its potential application to the Galileo HAS. The aim of this contribution is to present some recent upgrades to the Fast-PPP model, with the emphasis on the model geometry and the data used. The results show the benefits of integer ambiguity resolution to obtain unambiguous carrier phase measurements as input to compute the Fast-PPP model. Seven permanent stations are used to assess the errors of the Fast-PPP ionospheric corrections, with baseline distances ranging from 100 to 1000 km from the reference receivers used to compute the Fast-PPP corrections. The 99% of the GPS and Galileo errors in well-sounded areas and in mid-latitude stations are below one total electron content unit. In addition, large errors are bounded by the error prediction of the Fast-PPP model, in the form of the variance of the estimation of the ionospheric corrections. Therefore, we conclude that Fast-PPP is able to provide ionospheric corrections with the required ionospheric accuracy, and realistic confidence bounds, for the Galileo HAS.

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High‐parity vertical Reed‐Solomon codes for long GNSS high‐accuracy messages

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of Galileo E6B Data Demodulation Performance at High Latitudes: A Norwegian Vessel Case Study

Assessment of Galileo E6B Data Demodulation Performance at High Latitudes: A Norwegian Vessel Case Study

PPP/PPP‐RTK open formats: Overview, comparison, and proposal for an interoperable message

Ionospheric corrections tailored to the Galileo High Accuracy Service

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