High-output heart failure due to subclavian vessel fistula as a late complication following implantation of a biventricular pacemaker

Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula

“… 2 Late complications may include chronic venous insufficiency or ischemia of the affected upper limb, or high-output heart failure. 3 Our patients, in contrast, were asymptomatic suggesting a smaller volume of blood shunting via the AVF.…”

Insuficiência Cardíaca De Alto Débito: Causas, Manifestações Clínicas E Estratégias De Gerenciamento

“…Os sintomas e sinais cardíacos levantam a suspeita de IC, enquanto os exames de imagem cardíacos confirmam o diagnóstico. O diagnóstico diferencial se baseia no elevado débito cardíaco ou índice cardíaco e na presença de extremidades quentes [67][68][69][70] .…”

High output heart failure: A review of clinical status - epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management

“…Clinical evidence of HF include typical cardiac symptoms of HF, physical signs and imaging findings. The common cardiac symptoms included progressive exertional dyspnoea, lower extremities oedema, pulmonary oedema, fatigue and general weakness while the common sings in physical examination included elevated jugular venous pressure, hepatojugular reflux, third heart sound (gallop rhythm), laterally displaced apical impulse and pulmonary crepitation [48][49][50][51][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][65][66][67][68]. Others are tachycardia, cardiomegaly, and cardiac murmur [48,51,53,59,63,68].…”

“…In cases where fistulas were too large for endovascular closure, surgical removal was effective. Surgical removal, ligation or repair was effective through liver transplantation in patients with hepatic disease [48,62], nephrectomy in patients with kidney diseases or dialysis associated AVF [49,57,64], ligation and surgical repairs in post-traumatic AVF [60], surgical repair following total knee arthroplasty [50] and surgical implantation of stent graft in AVF associated with pacemaker implantation [65]. For patients with high-output HF secondary to disease with vasodilatory pathophysiology, medical treatment is a common option.…”