High number of diatom species in first-year ice from the Chukchi Sea

Quillfeldt, Cecilie H. von; Ambrose, William G.; Clough, Lisa M.

doi:10.1007/s00300-003-0549-1

Cited by 116 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Pennate diatoms are the most diverse group: 446 pennate versus 122 centric species have been recorded (Arrigo, 2014). Maximum biodiversity is observed in pack-ice interior layers (Stoecker et al, 1992;von Quillfeldt et al, 2003). The relatively porous structure of pack ice is influenced by infiltration of seawater, occasionally bringing in new species (Syvertsen and Kristiansen, 1993).…”

Section: (Dis)similarities In the Biodiversity Of Microalgae In Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such spore or cyst formation, however, remains a poorly characterized trait of sea-ice algae. Various microalgal species have been suggested to form resting stages, but not all of them are prominent ice-algal species (see Appendix in Quillfeldt et al, 2003). Further investigation into resting stages may reveal not only more about survival strategies, but also the link between the sea-ice and pelagic biomes (Rintala et al, 2007).…”

Section: Seasonal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis

Leeuwe

Tedesco

Arrigo

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

122

128

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van Leeuwe, MA, et al. 2018 Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis. Elem Sci Anth, 6: 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.267 IntroductionSea ice is one of the largest biomes on earth. The area covered by Arctic (15.6 × 10 6 km 2 ) and Antarctic (18.8 × 10 6 km 2 ) sea ice is roughly 4 and 5% of the global ocean surface (361.9 × 10 6 km 2 ) at their respective maximum extents (Meier, 2017;Stammerjohn and Maksym, 2017). Sea ice is a very diverse and potentially very productive habitat, with primary production estimated to amount to 2-24% of total production in sea-ice covered marine areas (Arrigo, 2017). Sea ice is especially productive in spring and summer when, locally, carbon biomass can be ten times higher in the bottom ice than in the seawater, with values greater than 3 mg chlorophyll a) in bottom layers (e.g., Corneau et al., 2013). On some occasions, ice algae may contribute up to 50-60% of total primary production McMinn et al., 2010; Fernandez-Mendez et al., 2015). Sympagic (ice-associated) microalgae (see Horner et al., 1992, for terminology) are REVIEWMicroalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis Sea ice is one the largest biomes on earth, yet it is poorly described by biogeochemical and climate models. In this paper, published and unpublished data on sympagic (ice-associated) algal biodiversity and productivity have been compiled from more than 300 sea-ice cores and organized into a systematic framework. Significant patterns in microalgal community structure emerged from this framework. Autotrophic flagellates characterize surface communities, interior communities consist of mixed microalgal populations and pennate diatoms dominate bottom communities. There is overlap between landfast and pack-ice communities, which supports the hypothesis that sympagic microalgae originate from the pelagic environment. Distribution in the Arctic is sometimes quite different compared to the Antarctic. This difference may be related to the time of sampling or lack of dedicated studies. Seasonality has a significant impact on species distribution, with a potentially greater role for flagellates and centric diatoms in early spring. The role of sea-ice algae in seeding pelagic blooms remains uncertain. Photosynthesis in sea ice is mainly controlled by environmental factors on a small scale and therefore cannot be linked to specific ice types. Overall, sea-ice communities show a high capacity for photoacclimation but low maximum productivity compared to pelagic phytoplankton. Low carbon assimilation rates probably result from adaptation to extreme conditions of reduced light and temperature in winter. We hypothesize that in the near future, bottom communities will develop earlier in the season and develop more biomass over a shorter period of time as light penetration increases due to the thinning of sea ice. The Arctic is already witnessing changes. The shift forward in time of the algal bloom can resu...

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Section: (Dis)similarities In the Biodiversity Of Microalgae In Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis

Leeuwe

Tedesco

Arrigo

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

122

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ice algae are generally found in the bottom layers of the ice sheet, in contact with the underlying sea water (Michel et al 1996;Arrigo 2003;Lizotte 2003), and are represented by diatoms in Arctic and Antarctic seas (Günther and Dieckmann 1999;von Quillfeldt et al 2003;Rórajska et al 2009). Ice algal production increases during spring due to the seasonal increase in irradiance (Wassmann et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiple biomarker approach to tracking the fate of an ice algal bloom to the sea floor

2010

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“…Under calm conditions the anchor ice, along with entrapped particles, can float to the surface and become incorporated into the newly formed sea ice. The formation of anchor ice and deep frazil can explain the numerous benthic algal species found in Arctic sea ice during the spring bloom (von Quillfeldt et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incorporation of microorganisms can be selective with preferences for different cell sizes or taxa (Weissenberger & Grossmann 1998). Enrichment is usually highest for algal cells, as compared to other microorganisms, and selective enrichment of large-sized cells, such as diatoms, has been observed in Arctic sea ice (Gradinger & Ikävalko 1998, von Quillfeldt et al 2003. Small cells, such as bacteria, can also be enriched within newly formed sea ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of nutrients, exopolymeric substances and microorganisms in newly formed sea ice on the Mackenzie shelf

Riedel¹,

Michel²,

Gosselin³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Newly formed sea ice was sampled at 32 stations on the Mackenzie shelf, between 30 September and 19 November 2003. At each station, sea ice and surface waters were analysed to assess the concentration and enrichment of nutrients, exopolymeric substances (EPS, measured with Alcian blue), chlorophyll a (chl a), autotrophic and heterotrophic protists, and heterotrophic bacteria. Dark incubations were also conducted to estimate net heterotrophic NH 4 regeneration rates in sea ice < 5 cm thick. Large (≥5 µm) autotrophs were selectively enriched during sea-ice formation, having the highest average enrichment index (I S = 62), although heterotrophic protists (I S = 19), EPS (I S = 17), bacteria (I S = 6) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (I S = 3 to 5) were also significantly enriched in the sea ice. Significant relationships were observed between sea-ice EPS and total chl a concentrations (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and between sea-ice EPS and ≥5 µm autotroph enrichment indices (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), suggesting that EPS were actively produced by algae entrapped in the sea ice. These relationships also suggest that the presence of EPS may enhance the selective enrichment of large autotrophs. Heterotrophic regeneration contributed to the observed enrichment of NH 4 in the sea ice, with an average regeneration rate of 0.48 µM d -1 , contributing 67% of the sea-ice NH 4 concentrations. In the newly formed ice, NH 4 regeneration was coupled to NO 3 and Si(OH) 4 consumption and was significantly related to EPS concentrations (r = 0.87, p < 0.05). Our data suggest that EPS enhance NH 4 regeneration by acting as a carbon source for sea-ice heterotrophs or a substrate for sea-ice bacteria.

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High number of diatom species in first-year ice from the Chukchi Sea

Cited by 116 publications

References 37 publications

Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis

Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis

A multiple biomarker approach to tracking the fate of an ice algal bloom to the sea floor

Enrichment of nutrients, exopolymeric substances and microorganisms in newly formed sea ice on the Mackenzie shelf

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