High nasopharyngeal carriage of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in north Indian school-going children

Jain, Amita; Kumar, Pradeep; Agarwal, Sudhir K.

doi:10.1007/s10156-007-0581-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Only one BLNAR strain of H. influenzae was detected during the study period. Although the global prevalence of BLNAR H. influenzae strains is very low, their incidence is on rise [33, 34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Greece, 2009–2012

Maraki

Papadakis

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance trends of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs) in Crete, Greece, over a 4-year period (2009–2012). A total of 588 community-acquired respiratory pathogens were isolated during the study period. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organism responsible for 44.4% of CARTIs, followed by Haemophilus influenzae (44.2%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (11.4%). Among S. pneumoniae, the prevalence of isolates with intermediate- and high-level resistance to penicillin was 27.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Macrolide resistance slightly decreased from 29.4% over the period 2009-2010 to 28.8% over the period 2011-2012. Multiresistance was observed among 56 (54.4%) penicillin nonsusceptible isolates. A nonsignificant increase in resistance of H. influenzae isolates was noted for β-lactams, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline. Among the 67 M. catarrhalis tested, 32 produced beta-lactamase and were resistant to ampicillin. Macrolide resistance decreased over the study period. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, and the fluoroquinolones. Although a decreasing trend in the prevalence of resistance of the three most common pathogens involved in CARTIs was noted, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility at the local and national level remains important, in order to guide appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Greece, 2009–2012

Maraki

Papadakis

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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“…More than 80% of the S. pneumonia are sensitive to penicillin and in 55 -61% of investigated cases resistant to both tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. 6,23 Increased ampicillin resistance in Haemophillus has been reported, 24 while S. aureus in most cases is resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, macrolides and some aminoglycosides. 9 The use of penicillin was high in Mungeli and appeared to cure the majority of community-acquired pneumonias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial drug use in a small Indian community hospital

Blomberg

Jensen

Henry³

et al. 2010

Trop Doct

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Antimicrobial drug use and overuse have been a topic of interest for many years, lately focusing on the growing resistance worldwide. This study was conducted in a small Indian hospital, where more than 80% of all admitted patients received antimicrobial drugs. Penicillin, gentamycin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were most commonly used and all antimicrobial drugs were given empirically with no confirmation of the infective agent. Reports of increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs in India, and elsewhere, necessitates a focus on how antimicrobials drugs are used in relation to investigations of resistance patterns among the local strains of pathogens. This study may be considered a base-line study, though of relevance for other hospitals, in particular in low-income areas, where development of resistance to standard antimicrobial drugs may have severe implications for both patients and health managers.

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“…Although no molecular analysis to reveal the genetic basis of BLNAR was done, 9 out of the 33 BLNAR strains were fully resistant to ampicillin. In the same study resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and co-trimoxazole was common, particularly among the beta-lactamase producing strains [157].…”

Section: Haemophilus Influenzaementioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

Vilà

Pál

2010

TOIDJ

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Antimicrobial resistance has increased drastically in recent years in the developing countries, and it has rapidly become a leading public health concern. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance varies greatly between and within countries and between different pathogens. However, overall a trend to the increase of the resistance to those antimicrobial agents more often used in these countries has been observed. Several factors can contribute to the rapid emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, the current antimicrobial resistance in different microorganisms from different countries as well as the factors contributing to the emergence and spread of resistance in developing countries will be reviewed.

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High nasopharyngeal carriage of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in north Indian school-going children

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Greece, 2009–2012

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Greece, 2009–2012

Antimicrobial drug use in a small Indian community hospital

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

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