High Myopia and Glaucoma Susceptibility

Xu, Liang; Wang, Yaxing; Wang, Shuang; Wang, Yun; Jonas, Jost B.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.050

Cited by 503 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The study has been described in detail recently. 15,16 The Medical Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tongren Hospital had approved the study protocol and all participants had given informed consent, according to the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study

Jin

et al. 2008

Eye

295

190

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Purpose To study the prevalence and associations of dry eye symptoms in adult Chinese. Methods The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based study in northern China, which included 4439 of 5324 subjects invited to participate with an age of 40 þ years (response rate: 83.4%). For the present study, a random sample was taken consisting of 1957(44.1%) subjects (1112 women; 56.9%). Dry eye symptoms were evaluated with (1) an interviewer-assisted questionnaire; (2) measurement of the tear-film break-up time; (3) assessment of the fluorescein staining of the cornea; (4) slit-lamp-based examination of a meibomian gland dysfunction; and (5) Schirmer's test. Results Symptoms of a dry eye felt 'often' or 'at all times' were present in 411 subjects (21.0%). In a multivariate analysis, dry eye symptoms were significantly associated with age (Po0.001), female gender (Po0.001; odds ratio (OR): 1.56; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.23, 1.98), urban region (Po0.001;OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.48), low degree of nuclear cataract (P ¼ 0.02), and undercorrection of refractive error (P ¼ 0.005; OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.82). All tests for dry eye did not vary significantly between the dry eye group and the normal group. Conclusions The dry eye symptoms as evaluated subjectively in a questionnaire occurred in about 21% of the adult population in China, with associations to age, female gender, urban region, and undercorrection of a refractive error. Measurement of the tear-film break-up time, assessment of the corneal fluorescein staining, slit-lamp-based examination of a meibomian gland dysfunction, and Schirmer's test were not significantly associated with dry eye symptoms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study

Jin

et al. 2008

Eye

295

190

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“…The study has been described in detail recently. [18][19][20][21][22][23] After getting an informed consent, a detailed ophthalmic examination was carried out including measurement of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (Snellen charts), noncontact tonometry (CT-60 computerized tonometer, Topcon Ltd, Japan), frequency doubling perimetry using the screening programme C-20-1 (Zeiss-Humphrey, Dublin, California, USA), slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, ophthalmoscopy, and photography of the lens (Neitz CT-R camera; Neitz Instruments Co., Tokyo, Japan) and of the fundus (fundus camera, type CR6-45NM, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) after medical mydriasis. Past history of eye diseases, eye trauma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and any ophthalmologic care the participant received were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,24,25 The optic disc slides were projected and we examined the qualitative parameters 'shape of the neuroretinal rim' with special respect to the inferior-superior-nasal-temporal (ISNT) rule including the presence of neuroretinal rim notches, occurrence of optic disc haemorrhages, presence of localized defects in the retinal nerve fibre layer, decreased diffuse visibility of the retinal nerve fibre layer, and occurrence of marked diffuse thinning or focal thinning of the retinal arteries in the peripapillary region. The optic disc photographs were additionally digitized and the optic disc structures were measured by outlining the borders of the optic disc, optic cup, peripapillary scleral ring, and a zone and b zone of peripapillary atrophy border on the computer screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 In the definition of 'Optic Disc Glaucoma', the only criterion for glaucoma was a glaucomatous appearance of the optic disc. 21 In the definition of 'Perimetric Glaucoma', the optic disc appeared glaucomatous and the visual field showed defects that could be explained by no other disease than glaucomatous optic neuropathy. A visual field defect was defined as any abnormal test point in the frequency doubling perimetry if the rate of false-positive results was equal to, or lower, than 0.33, and if the rate of fixation loss was equal to, or lower, than 0.33.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

You

Jonas

2007

Eye

107

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of epiretinal membranes in the adult Chinese population. Methods The Beijing Eye Study, a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study, included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40 þ years. The present investigation consisted of 4378 (98.6%) subjects for whom readable fundus photographs (301 nonstereoscopic colour images) were available. Assessing the fundus photographs, we differentiated two membrane types: cellophane maculopathy and premacular fibrosis. Results Prevalence rate of epiretinal membranes was 2.270.2% (mean7SE) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9,2.5) per eye or 2.270.2% (95% CI: 1.8,2.7) per subject. In binary logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of epiretinal membranes was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.07,1.12), visual field loss (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.03,1.07), hyperopia (P ¼ 0.02; 95% CI: 1.01,1.18), and higher education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.29,1.74). Cellophane maculopathy showed a prevalence rate of 1.1170.1% (95% CI: 0.9,1.3) per eye and 1.870.2% (95% CI: 1.4,2.2) per subject. Its prevalence was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.08,1.13), higher education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.26,1.92), and visual field loss (P ¼ 0.009; 95% CI: 1.01,1.07). Premacular fibrosis had a prevalence rate of 1.0670.1% (95% CI: 0.9,1.3) per eye and 1.870.2% (95% CI: 1.4,2.2) per subject. It was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.06,1.11), higher level of education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.15,1.74), and visual field loss (P ¼ 0.001; 95% CI: 1.02,1.08). ConclusionIn adult Chinese in Greater Beijing, epiretinal membranes including cellophane maculopathy and premacular fibrosis occur in a relatively low frequency which may be lower than in Western countries. Epiretinal membranes including its subtypes of cellophane maculopathy and epiretinal fibrosis were associated with age and hyperopic refractive error.

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“…6,7 It was carried out in seven communities. Four communities were selected from the Haidian urban district of the northern part of central Beijing, and three communities were selected from the rural area of Yufa in the county of Daxing district, south of Beijing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular and systemic factors associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult population in rural and urban China. The Beijing Eye Study

Xie

Wang

et al. 2008

Eye

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Purpose To assess ocular and systemic factors associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult population in rural and urban China. Methods The Beijing Eye Study 2006, a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study, included 3251 subjects aged 45 years and more (participation rate: 73.2%). Blood samples were available for 2960 (91.0%) subjects. Diabetes mellitus was defined by a fasting plasma glucose concentration Z7.0 mmol/l or by a self-reported history diagnosis of diabetes. Results Diabetes mellitus was found in 381 (12.9%) subjects. In binary regression analysis, the presence of diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride concentrations, intraocular pressure, cylindrical refractive dioptre, presence of arteriolar sheathing, rural vs urban region, lower best-corrected visual acuity, lower highdensity lipoprotein level, and lower diastolic blood pressure. It was not statistically associated with age, presence of cataract (nuclear, cortical, or subcapsular), size of the optic disc, neuroretinal rim, a zone and b zone of peripapillary atrophy, retinal artery and vein diameters, arteriovenous nicking, focal or general narrowing, refractive error, prevalence of glaucoma, and early or late stage of agerelated macular degeneration.Conclusions In a population-based setting, diabetes mellitus was not associated with optic disc, rim and peripapillary atrophy measurements, retinal vessel diameters, arteriovenous nicking, focal or general retinal artery narrowing, and prevalence of age-related macular degeneration. Although diabetes mellitus was significantly correlated with higher intraocular pressure, it was not associated with glaucoma.

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High Myopia and Glaucoma Susceptibility

Cited by 503 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study

Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

Ocular and systemic factors associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult population in rural and urban China. The Beijing Eye Study

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