High-molecular weight impurity screening by size-exclusion chromatography on a reversed-phase column

Lin, Ziqing; Ye, Yun K.; Li-Ng, Melissa; Shackman, Jonathan G.; Ileka, Kevin M.; Raglione, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113908

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Size exclusion chromatography was employed to purify the plant root extracts and remove undesired non-protein components and small-sized compounds. 17 The results depicted in Figure 1 (A, B, and C) reveal that Tongkat Ali plants showed the first peak (blue line), which corresponds to the protein, as proteins are characterized by their high molecular weight, elute as the first peak in the size exclusion chromatography. 18 The second peak (blue line) represents the nonprotein fraction, and the conductivity peak (red line) is more pronounced for this peak compared to the first peak.…”

Section: Isolation Of the Protein Fractions And Their Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Ranking of Tongkat Ali Plants to Boost Testosterone Hormone Evaluated in both In vitro and In vivo Experiments

2023

TJNPR

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However, most research on Tongkat Ali has focused on one type of plant, Eurycoma longifolia, commonly called Tongkat Ali Putih in Malaysia. It is worth noting that two other types of Tongkat Ali have also been used traditionally for their aphrodisiac properties. According to the indigenous people, these two types of Tongkat Ali known are Polyalthia bullata (Tongkat Ali Hitam) and Stema tuberosa (Tongkat Ali Merah), both of which have been harvested and used for their aphrodisiac functions. 5,6 Although all three plants are commonly known as Tongkat Ali, they belong to different genera and have roots with distinctive natural colors. Interestingly, their common names in Malay (the national language of Malaysia) are descriptive of the color of their roots: Tongkat Ali Putih (Putih meaning white), Tongkat Ali Hitam (Hitam referring to black), and Tongkat Ali Merah (Merah meaning red), respectively for E. longifolia, P. bullata and S. tuberosa. 7 In Indonesia, Tongkat Ali is referred to as Pasak Bumi. E. longifolia is an abundant and widely available species, making it the preferred choice in research compared to P. bullata and S. tuberosa. This preference is evident in the literature on the less-studied P. bullata and S. tuberosa as aphrodisiacs. In P. bullata, the presence of protein has been reported, with the detection of a 4.3 kDa peptide using SELDI MS. 8 However, for S. tuberosa, there is still no scientific research reporting bioactive protein. Previously, in E. longifolia, a protein, more specifically a glycosylated protein, was extracted and demonstrated to increase testosterone in TM-3 ATCC® CRL-1714TM treated cells. 9 Thus, this study aims to provide evidence of the protein presence in Tongkat Ali plants and, additionally, to assess the effectiveness of crude extracts from the three Tongkat Ali plants in boosting testosterone levels through both in vitro and in vivo treatments.

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Section: Isolation Of the Protein Fractions And Their Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Ranking of Tongkat Ali Plants to Boost Testosterone Hormone Evaluated in both In vitro and In vivo Experiments

2023

TJNPR

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“…The amphiphilic nature of emulsifiers contributes to their emulsion stability but also presents challenges in cosmetic pretreatment [ 64 ]. Their complex structures and high molecular weights make gel chromatography a suitable method for their separation and removal, which is particularly effective for analytes with lower molecular weights [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Compositions and Representative Compounds Of Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding Cosmetic Complexities: A Comprehensive Guide to Matrix Composition and Pretreatment Technology

Du,

He,

Chen

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Despite advancements in analytical technologies, the complex nature of cosmetic matrices, coupled with the presence of diverse and trace unauthorized additives, hinders the application of these technologies in cosmetics analysis. This not only impedes effective regulation of cosmetics but also leads to the continual infiltration of illegal products into the market, posing serious health risks to consumers. The establishment of cosmetic regulations is often based on extensive scientific experiments, resulting in a certain degree of latency. Therefore, timely advancement in laboratory research is crucial to ensure the timely update and adaptability of regulations. A comprehensive understanding of the composition of cosmetic matrices and their pretreatment technologies is vital for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of cosmetic detection. Drawing upon the China National Medical Products Administration’s 2021 Cosmetic Classification Rules and Classification Catalogue, we streamline the wide array of cosmetics into four principal categories based on the following compositions: emulsified, liquid, powdered, and wax-based cosmetics. In this review, the characteristics, compositional elements, and physicochemical properties inherent to each category, as well as an extensive overview of the evolution of pretreatment methods for different categories, will be explored. Our objective is to provide a clear and comprehensive guide, equipping researchers with profound insights into the core compositions and pretreatment methods of cosmetics, which will in turn advance cosmetic analysis and improve detection and regulatory approaches in the industry.

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“…When reverse chromatography is used to separate compounds with large molecular weights, these differences may cause precipitation and adsorption, which may cause the chromatographic peak to broaden and fall below the detection line, or it may not be eluted. 49 Lin et al 50 proposed a size-exclusion chromatography on a reversed-phase column that separated trace high molecular weight species with a variety of functional groups from high concentration of small molecule substance and solve a majority of high-MW impurity cases in active pharmaceutical ingredient. reversed-phase chromatography-size-exclusion chromatography is the stationary phase of reverse chromatography in the mode of size exclusion chromatography.…”

Section: Mixed Mode Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on the impurities identification and determination in pharmaceuticals

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Rationale: Impurities refer to any substances that affect the purity of pharmaceuticals. Controlling impurities has always been a significant concern during drug development. Impurities impact the drug’s purity, diminish the efficacy of pharmaceuticals, and alter their appearance, physical, and chemical properties. Additionally, impurities can compromise the stability of pharmaceuticals and elevate their toxic and side effects. Methods: Impurity source analysis is the basis of drug impurity control. To clarify the source of impurity can optimize the synthesis process, prescription process, packaging and storage conditions of the pharmaceuticals, and control the impurity within a reasonable limit to achieve the ultimate goal of impurity research. Results: Analysis method is a means to obtain impurity information, and diversified analysis methods are also possible for effective control of different types of impurities. At present, there are relatively many quantitative studies on impurities, but there are still some challenges for the structure analysis of impurities, especially trace impurities. Conclusion: The research progress of drug impurity control and evaluation from the sources of various drug impurities and impurity analysis techniques was reviewed in this article, with the aim of providing references for the related research.

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High-molecular weight impurity screening by size-exclusion chromatography on a reversed-phase column

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

The Ranking of Tongkat Ali Plants to Boost Testosterone Hormone Evaluated in both In vitro and In vivo Experiments

The Ranking of Tongkat Ali Plants to Boost Testosterone Hormone Evaluated in both In vitro and In vivo Experiments

Decoding Cosmetic Complexities: A Comprehensive Guide to Matrix Composition and Pretreatment Technology

Research progress on the impurities identification and determination in pharmaceuticals

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