High‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit compositions in current Chinese commercial wheat cultivars and the implication on Chinese wheat breeding for quality

Abstract

Background and objectivesGenetic diversity of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) glutenin subunits is often used for wheat improvement because of its correlation with end‐use quality of wheat. The objectives were (a) to characterize and analyze the HMW‐GS composition of common wheat, (b) determine the diversity of high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits, and (c) elucidate the distribution characteristics of wheat good‐quality subunit and quality classification.FindingsThe results revealed a total of 15 different alleles (3 at Glu‐A1, 8 at Glu‐B1, and 4 at Glu‐D1) and 35 allele combinations. Glu‐A1c (57.92%), Glu‐A1a (62.94%), Glu‐A1c (55.86%) appeared to be the most frequent alleles at Glu‐A1 in Hebei, Henan, and Sichuan provinces, respectively. The Glu‐B1c was the most common allele at the Glu‐B1 locus in all three provinces, with frequencies of 48.75%, 55.24%, and 29.66%, respectively. Glu‐D1a (66.25%), Glu‐D1d (53.85%), Glu‐D1a (55.17%) at the Glu‐D1 locus appeared to be the common alleles in Hebei, Henan, and Sichuan provinces, respectively. Cluster analysis based on allelic similarity of Glu‐1 loci classified the 528 wheat cultivars into two major categories.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the HMW glutenin allele compositions are not optimal for the current varieties in these provinces. A high level of quality improvement may be implemented by increasing the frequencies of Glu‐A1a (1) or Glu‐A1b (2*), Glu‐B1i (17 + 18), Glu‐D1d (5 + 10).Significance and noveltyOur results revealed clear directions for wheat quality improvement in these provinces.

Iron and zinc micronutrients and soil inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum enhance wheat grain quality and yield

“…Our findings are in general agreement with those reported by El-Katatny and Idres (2014), Colla et al (2015), and Sani et al (2020), which further support the potential effects of these micronutrients in combination with T. harzianum to enhance plant overall performances. Our results are also in general agreement with those reported by Jalal et al (2020) who found that foliar application of Zn in combination with Fe significantly improved grain yield, grain nutrients, and biomass. Higher yield in the studied wheat under foliar application of micronutrients may be due to better availability of these micronutrients, as these nutrients may be less available when applied to soil due to their immobility in alkaline soils.…”

“…The concentration was then adjusted to 1.5 × 10 7 spores per ml and was used for treatment. At a pre-anthesis stage, following Sesan et al (2020) with minor modification as per the requirement of the experiment, micronutrients including zinc as ZnSO 4 (zinc sulfate) and iron as FeSO 4 (iron sulfate) were applied as foliar spray alone and in combination with T. harzianum, each in two concentrations at the rate of 9 and 18 mm, respectively. A total of 12 treatments were applied which comprised of control; T.harzianum; Zn-9mM; Fe-9mM; Zn-18mM; Fe-18mM; Fe-9mM/T.harzianum; Fe-18mM/ T.harzianum; Zn-9mM/T.harzianum; Zn-18mM/T.harzianum; Fe-9mM)/T.harzianum/Zn-9mM; and, Fe-18mM/T.harzianum/ Zn-18mM.…”

Allelic variation and genetic diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in Chinese wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) landraces and commercial cultivars

“…reported 16 alleles in 251 Chinese commercial cultivars. More recently,Dai et al (2020) detected 16 alleles at the Glu-1 loci in 300 Xinjiang wheat landraces Gao et al (2020). found 15 allelic variations at the Glu-1 loci in commercial cultivars from China.…”

Rapid and Easy High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Identification System by Lab-on-a-Chip in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…For instance, Glu-A1a (46.8%) and Glu-A1c (50.9%) alleles at the Glu-A1 locus are mainly found in current Chinese commercial wheat cultivars, and two of alleles, Glu-B1b (30.5%) and Glu-B1c (45.3%), are abundant at the Glu-B1 locus. In addition, the frequency of the Glu-D1a and Glu-D1d alleles at the Glu-D1 locus are 57.6% and 41.9%, respectively [13]. Moreover, five alleles, Glu-B1a, Glu-B1b, Glu-B1c, Glu-B1g, and Glu-B1i, at the Glu-B1 locus are present in Australian wheat cultivars, but the major allele (Glu-B1i) frequency was 35.9% [14].…”