High molar extinction coefficient amphiphilic ruthenium sensitizers for efficient and stable mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cells

Near-infrared absorbing unsymmetrical Zn(II) phthalocyanine for dye-sensitized solar cells

“…The resulting oxidized dyes are subsequently reduced by the redox electrolyte. So far, among all the photosensitizers, ruthenium complexes have maintained a clear lead in DSC technology and in conjunction with the standard I -/I 3 -redox mediator delivered a certified efficiency of 11.4% [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In spite of this, ruthenium complexes have limitations to mass commercialization owing to their rarity of the ruthenium metal and lack of absorption in the near infrared region.…”

High spectral response heteroleptic ruthenium (II) complexes as sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells

“…19,20,22,23,[30][31][32][33] We have been engaged in our laboratory for the synthesis and evaluation of stable and efficient new metal free organic, phthalocyanine as well as ruthenium-based dyes as sensitizers for DSSC application. 29,[34][35][36] In this endeavour, the photo-voltaic performance of HRD1 and HRD2 heteroleptic ruthenium(II) bipyridyl sensitizers developed in our laboratory were found to be encouraging and comparable with that of K77 sensitizer. In an effort to develop new extended π-conjugated Ru(II) complex, H112, was designed with 4,4'-bis(4-tert-butylstyryl)-2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligand and synthesized by HornerEmmons-Wadsworth reaction of 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde with tetraethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diyldiphosphonate (scheme 1).…”

“…In addition, recent reports indicate that changes like insertion of sulfur, replacing the heteroatom with other elements of the same group and change in alkyl position effect the energy levels and electronic transitions of ruthenium(II) complexes influencing the overall performance of DSSCs. [25][26][27][28][29] The need to develop high molar extinction coefficient sensitizers gained significant interest particularly when organic hole transport materials, with limited charge-carrier mobility are used in order to explore thin film solid state/semisolid state DSSCs. 19,20,22,23,[30][31][32][33] We have been engaged in our laboratory for the synthesis and evaluation of stable and efficient new metal free organic, phthalocyanine as well as ruthenium-based dyes as sensitizers for DSSC application.…”

Organic-Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex Based Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

“…For this reason, Gratzel and coworkers have increased the molar extension coefficient of ruthenium(II) complexes by introducing extended π-conjugation concept in the molecular structure [16,17]. We have also adopted the same concept for increasing the molar extinction coefficient and reported a few ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [18][19][20]. Thiophene-derived units are good candidates for increasing the conjugation length of the ancillary ligand to improve the light harvesting ability of a ruthenium complex [21].…”