High-Minority Nursing Homes Disproportionately Affected by COVID-19 Deaths

Weech‐Maldonado, Robert; Lord, Justin; Davlyatov, Ganisher; Ghiasi, Akbar; Orewa, Gregory N.

doi:10.5465/ambpp.2021.16140abstract

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…With one exception, 27 all studies used facility-level data and did not control for resident-level risk factors. Thirty-four studies examined nursing homes only, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] one study included nursing homes and ALCs, 29 and one study examined ALCs only. 30 Nine were single-state studies; 11,15,18,[21][22][23]25,27,29 14 were national studies; 10,14,17,19,20,24,31,[36][37][38][40][41][42][43] and the remainder were multi-state studies including between 3 and 30 states.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies used data reported directly from nursing homes or ALCs. 23,27,29,33,34 Most studies used data on COVID-19 cases reported prior to July 2020; 16 used data past this time period, 10,13,14,20,23,26,29,31,34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] with the latest study using data through April, 2021. 37,38 As such, most of the studies do not take into account the widespread deployment of vaccines to facilities nationwide which began in mid-December 2020.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table S1 summarizes the 36 studies that met our inclusion criteria 8–43 . With one exception, 27 all studies used facility‐level data and did not control for resident‐level risk factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty‐four studies examined nursing homes only, 8–28,31–43 one study included nursing homes and ALCs, 29 and one study examined ALCs only 30 . Nine were single‐state studies; 11,15,18,21–23,25,27,29 14 were national studies; 10,14,17,19,20,24,31,36–38,40–43 and the remainder were multi‐state studies including between 3 and 30 states.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,11,12,[18][19][20][21]26,28,[30][31][32][33][34][35]43 Sixteen studies examined whether the racial composition of a facility's resident population was related to COVID-19 outcomes. Fourteen of those used data from spring 2020 to early fall 2020 8,9,13,20,22,24,26,28,30,31,33,35,41,43 and all found that facilities with a higher proportion of Black and Hispanic residents had higher rates of adverse outcomes. Two studies examined mortality rates using later data and found distinct temporal variation: nursing homes with a high proportion of Black and Hispanic residents had more deaths through summer 2020, but predominantly White nursing homes had more deaths in late 2020 and early 2021 when COVID-19 rates surged in the upper Midwest and rural states of the West.…”

Section: The Importance Of Community Spread Facility Size and Racial ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of long‐term care facility characteristics associated with COVID‐19 outcomes

Konetzka

White

Pralea

et al. 2021

J American Geriatrics Society

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Background/Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a disproportionate toll on long-term care facility residents and staff. Our objective was to review the empirical evidence on facility characteristics associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths.Design: Systematic review. Setting: Long-term care facilities (nursing homes and assisted living communities).Participants: Thirty-six empirical studies of factors associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths in long-term care facilities published between January 1, 2020 and June 15, 2021. Measurements: Outcomes included the probability of at least one case or death (or other defined threshold); numbers of cases and deaths, measured variably. Results: Larger, more rigorous studies were fairly consistent in their assessment of risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes in long-term care facilities. Larger bed size and location in an area with high COVID-19 prevalence were the strongest and most consistent predictors of facilities having more COVID-19 cases and deaths. Outcomes varied by facility racial composition, differences that were partially explained by facility size and community COVID-19 prevalence. More staff members were associated with a higher probability of any outbreak; however, in facilities with known cases, higher staffing was associated with fewer deaths. Other characteristics, such as Nursing Home Compare 5-star ratings, ownership, and prior infection control citations, did not have consistent associations with COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusion: Given the importance of community COVID-19 prevalence and facility size, studies that failed to control for these factors were likely confounded. Better control of community COVID-19 spread would have been critical for mitigating much of the morbidity and mortality long-term care residents and staff experienced during the pandemic. Traditional quality measures such as Nursing Home Compare 5-Star ratings and past deficiencies were not consistent indicators of pandemic preparedness, likely because COVID-19[Correction added after first online publication on September 24, 2021. Keypoints have been changed.]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Community Spread Facility Size and Racial ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of long‐term care facility characteristics associated with COVID‐19 outcomes

Konetzka

White

Pralea

et al. 2021

J American Geriatrics Society

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COVID‐19 and U.S. Disputes Over Authority, 2020–2021: Implications for the Constructionist Analysis of Social Problems

Best

Monahan

2022

Sociological Forum

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COVID‐19 is very different from the cases typically studied by constructionist analysts of social problems: it emerged quickly, spread widely, and affected many aspects of social life. As such, it offers important opportunities to reconsider the constructionist model. We focus on three issues—metrics, masks, and vaccines—where COVID‐19 disputes about authority led to different alliances among several categories of claimsmakers. Our point is that COVID‐19 discourse seems far messier than most of the narratives presented by constructionist analysts, and we identify several lessons from this unusual contemporary case that might help us strengthen existing social problems theory.

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High-Minority Nursing Homes Disproportionately Affected by COVID-19 Deaths

Cited by 2 publications

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A systematic review of long‐term care facility characteristics associated with COVID‐19 outcomes

A systematic review of long‐term care facility characteristics associated with COVID‐19 outcomes

COVID‐19 and U.S. Disputes Over Authority, 2020–2021: Implications for the Constructionist Analysis of Social Problems

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