High metabolic activity demonstrated by positron emission tomography in human auditory cortex in case of deafness of early onset

Catalan-Ahumada, Mitzi; Deggouj, N; Volder, Anne De; Melin, Jacques; Michel, Christian; Veraart, Claude

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91439-y

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There was also a loss of normal asymmetries between the left and right cortical hemispheres in this area. These differences were not seen in a group of adults who had been deaf from birth (Penhune et al 2003) which is consistent with PET data showing that the under-used auditory cortex in deaf individuals gradually changes over time from a state of hypometabolism to one which is normally or hyper-active (Catalan-Ahumada et al 1993;Lee et al 2001). Metabolism in the superior temporal gyrus increases with duration of deafness in childhood and correlates with poorer speech perception skills after cochlear implantation (Lee et al 2007).…”

Section: Structural and Functional Changes In The Deaf Thalmo-cortexsupporting

confidence: 88%

Use It or Lose It? Lessons Learned from the Developing Brains of Children Who are Deaf and Use Cochlear Implants to Hear

et al. 2011

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In the present paper, we review what is currently known about the effects of deafness on the developing human auditory system and ask: Without use, does the immature auditory system lose the ability to normally function and mature? Any change to the structure or function of the auditory pathways resulting from a lack of activity will have important implications for future use through an auditory prosthesis such as a cochlear implant. Data to date show that deafness in children arrests and disrupts normal auditory development. Multiple changes to the auditory pathways occur during the period of deafness with the extent and type of change being dependent upon the age and stage of auditory development at onset of deafness, the cause or type of deafness, and the length of time the immature auditory pathways are left without significant input. Structural changes to the auditory nerve, brainstem, and cortex have been described in animal models of deafness as well in humans who are deaf. Functional changes in deaf auditory pathways have been evaluated by using a cochlear implant to stimulate the auditory nerve with electrical pulses. Studies of electrically evoked activity in the immature deaf auditory system have demonstrated that auditory brainstem development is arrested and that thalamo-cortical areas are vulnerable to being taken over by other competitive inputs (cross-modal plasticity). Indeed, enhanced peripheral sight and detection of visual movement in congenitally deaf cats and adults have been linked to activity in specific areas of what would normally be auditory cortex. Cochlear implants can stimulate developmental plasticity in the auditory brainstem even after many years of deafness in childhood but changes in the auditory cortex are limited, at least in part, by the degree of reorganization which occurred during the period of deafness. Consequently, we must identify hearing loss rapidly (i.e., at birth for congenital deficits) and provide cochlear implants to appropriate candidates as soon as possible. Doing so has facilitated auditory development in the thalamo-cortex and allowed children who are deaf to perceive and use spoken language.

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Section: Structural and Functional Changes In The Deaf Thalmo-cortexsupporting

confidence: 88%

Use It or Lose It? Lessons Learned from the Developing Brains of Children Who are Deaf and Use Cochlear Implants to Hear

et al. 2011

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“…This process is detrimental to reconnecting the auditory signals to large-scale neural circuits and therefore compromises the use of the auditory modality in language function. The study fits well with former findings that showed: (i) increased metabolic activity in the auditory cortices in cases of deafness of early onset and in the visual cortex of congenitally blind subjects [Catalan-Ahumada et al, 1993], and (ii) decreased metabolic activity in auditory cortex in postlingual deafness of short duration [Ito et al, 1993].…”

Section: Predicting the Functional Outcome Of Implantationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Imaging Plasticity in Cochlear Implant Patients

Giraud

Truy

Frackowiak³

2001

Audiol Neurotol

103

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Auditory re-afferentation by cochlear implants (CI) offers a unique opportunity to study directly from within the auditory modality plastic changes taking place at organisational levels up to the supra- or polymodal level. These plastic changes resulting from deafness and chronic electrical stimulation can be studied using modern neuroimaging techniques. In this paper, we review the available techniques and the experimental approaches to human studies of plasticity, we discuss the different forms of plasticity that are associated with cochlear implantation and we point to the interest of imaging studies for providing a prognosis of functional outcome after implantation.

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“…By investigating deaf subjects with EEG, Wolf and Thatcher (1990) conªrmed the ªnding of compensatory functioning in the visual cortex. Catalán-Ahumeda et al (1993) found with positron emission tomography (PET) that the auditory cortex and association auditory cortical areas show an increased rate of glucose utilization in deaf subjects. The basis of these processes could lie in the persistence of normally transient connections in the altered ensemble of sensory modalities (Frost 1981;Innocenti & Clarke, 1984;Rauschecker, 1991;Sur, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Do Deaf People See Better? Texture Segmentation and Visual Search Compensate in Adult but Not in Juvenile Subjects

Rettenbach

Diller

Sireteanu

1999

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The research concerning the visual perception in deaf subjects has led to contradictory results: Deaf subjects have been reported to show enhanced visual perceptual skills compared to hearing subjects (Neville & Lawson, 1987). On the other hand, there are indications that acoustic deprivation may produce an inferiority in all sensory modalities (Myklebust, 1964). These contradictions may be due to methodological differences: The investigators selected different conditions (e.g. attentive/nonattentive) and various samples of deaf subjects (e.g., different age, language, and aetiology groups). In our study, we tested a large sample of deaf subjects with texture segmentation and visual search conditions, which allowed us to differentiate between visual processing with and without attentional load. All deaf subjects had profound hearing loss within the first year of life. Our results suggest that the visual processing capacity of deaf children and adolescents does not exceed that of age- and gender-matched hearing subjects. Rather, deaf school children show deficits in visual processing in conditions with and without attentional load. Age (6 to 20 years), language used (oral, sign, oral + sign), and aetiology for deafness (genetic, maternal rubella, perinatal, infection in the first year of life, unknown) did not consistently influence the results. The deficits in visual processing were partially compensated for in adult deaf subjects. The performances of deaf and hearing adults in trials that could be solved preattentively did not differ statistically significantly, but in attention-dependent trials the deaf subjects were more efficient than the hearing controls. We conclude that visual compensation for deafness is limited to attention-dependent tasks and does not develop until adulthood.

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High metabolic activity demonstrated by positron emission tomography in human auditory cortex in case of deafness of early onset

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Use It or Lose It? Lessons Learned from the Developing Brains of Children Who are Deaf and Use Cochlear Implants to Hear

Use It or Lose It? Lessons Learned from the Developing Brains of Children Who are Deaf and Use Cochlear Implants to Hear

Imaging Plasticity in Cochlear Implant Patients

Do Deaf People See Better? Texture Segmentation and Visual Search Compensate in Adult but Not in Juvenile Subjects

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