High‐mass‐resolution ToF‐SIMS study of chlorine‐containing polymers

Briggs, D.; Fletcher, Ian; Gonçalves, Nancy M.

doi:10.1002/sia.1200

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is consistent with recent results from a study of chlorine-containing hydrocarbon polymers. 23 A factor that needs to be taken into account in such comparisons is the relative sampling depth of XPS and ToF-SIMS. From studies of the effect of polyelectrolyte thin films on silicon, Delcorte et al 24 concluded that for atomic species (Si C from the substrate) the two techniques had comparable sampling depths when XPS measurements were made at a take-off angle of 15°(with respect to the surface).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF‐SIMS

Briggs

Brewis

Dahm

et al. 2003

Surface & Interface Analysis

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A series of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) surfaces, chemically modified using a number of oxidative techniques employed for adhesion enhancement (pretreatments), have been studied by time-of-flight (ToF) SIMS and XPS. The methods consisted of corona discharge, flame, electrochemical, chromic acid, acid dichromate and acid permanganate treatment. All except flame treatment were performed under mild and fairly severe conditions to yield a range of surface chemistries. The XPS analysis, using high energy resolution and a refined approach to C 1s curve-fitting, provided some new insights into the quantitative assessment of the type and concentration of functional groups. Both positive and negative ion ToF-SIMS spectra were obtained at high mass resolution. The oxygen-containing fragments were identified by accurate mass analysis and subjected to a detailed comparison with the XPS results. No convincing relative intensity correlations could be identified that would allow particular secondary ion fragments to be associated strongly with particular functional groups (in this multi-functional surface situation). Inorganic residues resulting from wet chemical treatments were also investigated and here the two techniques were found to be more complementary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF‐SIMS

Briggs

Brewis

Dahm

et al. 2003

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Automated surface analysis of large sample sets has been achieved for water contact angle measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) . ToF‐SIMS has been widely used for studying polymeric systems, and when coupled with multivariate analysis has proven to be particularly useful for establishing correlations between the surface chemistries of a library of materials with various properties such as water contact angle and cell attachment . Whilst these correlations eloquently demonstrate a relationship between surface chemistry and the interfacial performance of the materials, the models themselves are difficult to interpret as they typically feature an abundance of small ion fragments that are derived from multiple, if not all, materials present in a study and are thus difficult to assign to specific chemical functionalities or properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ToF-SIMS analysis of a polymer microarray composed of poly(meth)acrylates with C₆derivative pendant groups

Hook

Scurr

2016

Surf. Interface Anal.

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Surface analysis plays a key role in understanding the function of materials, particularly in biological environments. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) provides highly surface sensitive chemical information that can readily be acquired over large areas and has, thus, become an important surface analysis tool. However, the information‐rich nature of ToF‐SIMS complicates the interpretation and comparison of spectra, particularly in cases where multicomponent samples are being assessed. In this study, a method is presented to assess the chemical variance across 16 poly(meth)acrylates. Materials are selected to contain C6 pendant groups, and ten replicates of each are printed as a polymer microarray. SIMS spectra are acquired for each material with the most intense and unique ions assessed for each material to identify the predominant and distinctive fragmentation pathways within the materials studied. Differentiating acrylate/methacrylate pairs is readily achieved using secondary ions derived from both the polymer backbone and pendant groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) is performed on the SIMS spectra of the 16 polymers, whereby the resulting principal components are able to distinguish phenyl from benzyl groups, mono‐functional from multi‐functional monomers and acrylates from methacrylates. The principal components are applied to copolymer series to assess the predictive capabilities of the PCA. Beyond being able to predict the copolymer ratio, in some cases, the SIMS analysis is able to provide insight into the molecular sequence of a copolymer. The insight gained in this study will be beneficial for developing structure–function relationships based upon ToF‐SIMS data of polymer libraries. © 2016 The Authors Surface and Interface Analysis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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“…The work of Briggs et al (2002) is useful in interpretation of spectra. They conducted TOF SIMS analyses on poly(vinyl chloride) polymers.…”

Section: Mass Fragment Fingerprints Of Microfracture Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfracture Surface Geochemistry and Adherent Microbial Population Metabolism in TCE-Contaminated Competent Bedrock

Eighmy

Spear

Case

et al. 2007

Geomicrobiology Journal

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A TCE-contaminated competent bedrock site in Portsmouth, NH was used to determine if a relation existed between microfracture surface geochemistry and the ecology and metabolic activity of attached microbes relative to terminal electron accepting processes (TEAPs) and TCE biodegradation. The bedrock is a metasandstone and metashale of the Silurian Kittery Formation. Eleven microfractures (MF 01-11) were extracted from cores of competent rock from 2 boreholes (BBC5 and BBC6) at depths >21.3 m below ground. The host rock had 3 nominal pore width sizes (131.1, 1.136, and 0.109 μm), a porosity of 0.8%, and a permeability of <1 μd. Microfracture surface precipitates were polycrystalline with grain sizes ranging from 10 to 100 μm. Petrography and XRD revealed that carbonates and quartz were the dominant microfracture surface precipitates. Mineral distribution was heterogeneous at the 10 μm scale. Oxidized and reduced iron species were identified with XPS on the microfracture precipitate surfaces. Carbon functional groups characteristic of NOM were also identified. SIMS mass fragment fingerprints suggested that TCE, PCE and/or VC were possibly adsorbed to NOM on the microfracture surfaces. Packer waters were alkaline (131-190 mg/L as CaCO 3 , pH 8.8 to 9.6), mildly reducing (Eh of −208 to 160 mV, DO of 0.4 to 2.5 mg/L), with low NPDOC values (0.8-1.7 mg/L), and measurable Fe (II) (0.1 mg/L) and Fe (III) (0.02 to 0.3 mg/L). Sulfate was the dominant anion in the packer sample water (110-120 mg/L). No sulfide was detected. H 2 was present in a number of the BBC wells at the site (2.2-7.3 nM). Amplification with specific primer sets of seven microfractures from BBC5 showed the presence of bacteria, Archaea, anaerobic dehalorespirers (Dehalococcoides sp.), sulfate reducing bacteria, and iron reducing bacteria (Geobacteraceae). Redox zonation may exist relative to spatial distance from within the microfracture network to the open fracture system. The microfracture surface precipitates, frequently spatially complex and comprised of a variety of C-, Fe-and S-containing minerals, may be another region for redox zonation. Fe was the dominant microfracture surface element and active Fe cycling is suspected. However, the primer data suggest that the microfracture network may have been more reducing than the open fracture system. In this case, the microfracture network may constitute a zone where more reductive metabolic processes occur, making this system similar to biogeochemical redox zones found in other environments.

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High‐mass‐resolution ToF‐SIMS study of chlorine‐containing polymers

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF‐SIMS

Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF‐SIMS

ToF-SIMS analysis of a polymer microarray composed of poly(meth)acrylates with C₆derivative pendant groups

Microfracture Surface Geochemistry and Adherent Microbial Population Metabolism in TCE-Contaminated Competent Bedrock

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High‐mass‐resolution ToF‐SIMS study of chlorine‐containing polymers

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF‐SIMS

Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF‐SIMS

ToF-SIMS analysis of a polymer microarray composed of poly(meth)acrylates with C6derivative pendant groups

Microfracture Surface Geochemistry and Adherent Microbial Population Metabolism in TCE-Contaminated Competent Bedrock

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Product

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ToF-SIMS analysis of a polymer microarray composed of poly(meth)acrylates with C₆derivative pendant groups