High malaria parasitemia among outpatient febrile children in low endemic area, East-Central Tanzania in 2013

Chipwaza, Beatrice; Sumaye, Robert D.

doi:10.1186/s13104-020-05092-4

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is consistent with an earlier study done in South Gondar, Ethiopia [ 33 ]. However, a high proportion of high parasite density was found in East Central Tanzania [ 34 ], while a high proportion of low parasite density was found in Sanja Town [ 35 ]. The immunological conditions, age category, and dietary status of the study participants could all have an impact on parasite density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among febrile under-five children visiting health facilities in Ziquala district, Northeast Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Debash

Bisetegn²,

Ebrahim³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Malaria is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among under five children in developing countries. Ethiopia has set targets for controlling and eliminating malaria through at-risk group interventions. However, the disease remains a serious public health concern in endemic areas like in Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine malaria prevalence, risk factors and parasite density among under five children in Ziquala district. Method A facility—based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ziquala hospital, and Tsitsika, Mishra and Hamusit health centers in Ziquala district, Northeast Ethiopia, from January 2022 to April 2022. The study enrolled a total of 633 under five children using a systematic sampling technique. A capillary blood sample was collected from each child to prepared thin and thick blood smears. Smears were then stained with 10% Giemsa and examined under light microscope. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect on socio-demographic data, parental/caregiver knowledge, and malaria determining factors. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with malaria. Result The overall prevalence of malaria among children visiting Ziquala district health institutions was 24.6% (156/633). Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection (both species) accounted for 57.1%, 38.5%, and 4.5% of the cases, respectively. Regarding to parasite load, moderate parasitemia was the most common, followed by low and high parasitemia with the proportion of 53.8%, 31.4% and 14.7% parasite density, respectively. Malaria infection was linked to irregular utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets (AOR = 5.042; 95% CI: 2.321–10.949), staying outside at night (AOR = 2.109; 95% CI: 1.066–4.173), and parents not receiving malaria health education in the past six months (AOR = 4.858; 95% CI: 2.371–9.956). Conclusion Malaria was prevalent among children under the age of five enrolled in the study. The local government should focus on regular insecticide treated net utilization, reducing the risk of mosquito bites while sleeping outdoors at night and increasing public understanding of malaria prevention and control through health education would also help to minimize the burden of malaria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among febrile under-five children visiting health facilities in Ziquala district, Northeast Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Debash

Bisetegn²,

Ebrahim³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…The parasitemia was then divided into 4 categories: low (1000 parasites/μl of blood), moderate (1000-4999 parasites/μl of blood), high (5000-99 999 parasites/μl of blood), and hyperparasitemia (100 000 parasites/μl of blood). 13,23 Quality Control…”

Section: Laboratory Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors Among Children Attending Health Institutions at South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Workineh

Lakew

Dires

et al. 2021

Global Pediatric Health

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Malaria is a fatal disease among children in malaria-prone locations such as Addis Zemen and Woreta because of their weak immune systems. Despite the severity of the disease in children, the majority of research conducted in Ethiopia has focused on adult populations rather than children. Furthermore, there is no data on malaria prevalence, risk factors, or parasite density among children in the Addis Zemen and Woreta catchment areas. Therefore, this study was aimed at filling the above gap in the study area. About 422 children were enrolled in the study by systematic sampling technique. A capillary blood sample was collected from each child to do blood film. The overall prevalence of malaria among children attending South Gonder health institutions was 14.7%. The majority of parasite density was moderate parasitemia followed by low parasitemia, giving 71.0% and 16.0%, respectively. Malaria parasite infection was linked to a history of malaria and the presence of stagnant water near a home, but utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets was found to be protective against the infection. Therefore, health education should be strengthened on proper utilization of bed nets, indoor residual spraying, removing stagnant water by discarding old tires that may collect rainwater, and removing debris from streams so streams flow more freely.

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“…As expected, higher sensitivity values were recorded with increasing parasite density. Parasitaemia level was defined as very low (< 100 parasites/µl), low (100–999 parasites/µl), moderate (1000–4999 parasites/µl), high (5000–99,999 parasites/µl), and hyper (≥ 100,000 parasites/µl blood) as previously described [ 41 ]. Interestingly, RDT showed superior sensitivity over microscopy at all parasitaemia levels (Table 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of diagnosis among clinical malaria patients: comparing microscopy, RDT and a highly sensitive quantitative PCR looking at the implications for submicroscopic infections

Afriyie

Addison

Gebre

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background The World Health Organization recommends parasitological confirmation of all suspected malaria cases by microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) before treatment. These conventional tools are widely used for point-of-care diagnosis in spite of their poor sensitivity at low parasite density. Previous studies in Ghana have compared microscopy and RDT using standard 18S rRNA PCR as reference with varying outcomes. However, how these conventional tools compare with ultrasensitive varATS qPCR has not been studied. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the clinical performance of microscopy and RDT assuming highly sensitive varATS qPCR as gold standard. Methods 1040 suspected malaria patients were recruited from two primary health care centers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and tested for malaria by microscopy, RDT, and varATS qPCR. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were assessed using varATS qPCR as gold standard. Results Parasite prevalence was 17.5%, 24.5%, and 42.1% by microscopy, RDT, and varATS qPCR respectively. Using varATS qPCR as the standard, RDT was more sensitive (55.7% vs 39.3%), equally specific (98.2% vs 98.3%), and reported higher positive (95.7% vs 94.5%) and negative predictive values (75.3% vs 69.0%) than microscopy. Consequently, RDT recorded better diagnostic agreement (kappa = 0.571) with varATS qPCR than microscopy (kappa = 0.409) for clinical detection of malaria. Conclusions RDT outperformed microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the study. However, both tests missed over 40% of infections that were detected by varATS qPCR. Novel tools are needed to ensure prompt diagnosis of all clinical malaria cases.

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High malaria parasitemia among outpatient febrile children in low endemic area, East-Central Tanzania in 2013

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among febrile under-five children visiting health facilities in Ziquala district, Northeast Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among febrile under-five children visiting health facilities in Ziquala district, Northeast Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors Among Children Attending Health Institutions at South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Accuracy of diagnosis among clinical malaria patients: comparing microscopy, RDT and a highly sensitive quantitative PCR looking at the implications for submicroscopic infections

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