High lipoprotein(a) level promotes both coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: a path analysis using a large number of autopsy cases

Abstract

Lp(a) levels have distinct effects on coronary sclerosis and MI, with about half of the overall effect on MI being via coronary sclerosis. This result supports the prothrombotic and a probable proinflammatory role of Lp(a) in coronary events.

Serum Lipoprotein(a) Levels are Greater in Female than Male Patients with Type‐2 Diabetes

“…However, this result is not in line with most of the studies which have directly measured serum Lp(a) levels in patients with diabetes [28][29][30], including the present study. High serum Lp(a) levels are a powerful risk factor for coronary artery disease both in the general population and patients with diabetes [14,[36][37][38][39]. Since women with diabetes have a higher rate of mortality from cardiovascular disorders than men [7], it could be hypothesized that increased levels of serum Lp(a) in women with diabetes, may be one of the mechanisms for this observation.…”

Age is an Important Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Lipid metabolism disorders that are associated with aging process constitute the early stage in the emergence of a constellation of risk factors for metabolic disorders (Sawabe et al, 2009;Gobal and Metha, 2010). After the age of 20 years, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases significantly in both men and women.…”

“…In relation to BMI, although older age correlates with lower BMI and higher fat mass, dramatically decreased insulin sensitivity and lack of physical activity are the most important risk factors for metabolic disorders in the elderly (Gobal and Metha, 2010;Linbald et al, 2001). Insulin resistance itself is associated with decreased glucose carrier protein in the muscle (Sawabe et al, 2009). …”

Significant association between hypolipoproteinemia(a) and lifetime risk of cancer: An autopsy study from a community-based Geriatric Hospital

“…Our previous study also suggested that hyper-lipoproteinemia(a) directly promotes coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction [2]. Although the association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular diseases is widely observed, the physiological function and metabolism of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] and its association with other diseases remain unknown.…”