High-Linearity 3-Bit Frequency-Tunable Planar Inverted-F Antenna for RF Applications

Design and Development of a Tunable Ferroelectric Microwave Surface Mounted Device

“…The resulting tunability performance is 0.045 which is superior of what is reported up to now in the literature [6] for a BST thin film. The tuning rate TR of 31.8 % of the PIFA antenna is comparable to performance on PIFA antenna with commercial varactor diode or RF-MEMS switch [16][17][18]. The measured reflexion parameter S 11 shows also that the radiation efficiency is not very high compared to HFSS simulation.…”

Continuous Resonance Tuning without Blindness by Applying Nonlinear Properties of PIN Diodes

“…Thanks to EM MTMs that are characterized by periodical configuration, it is possible to realize multiple tunable states either in spectrum resonances [8] or spatial radiation patterns [9] by applying active components to each periodical unit. This kind of tuning mechanism benefits from a periodical array with n unit cells, while each unit can be tuned individually with m states utilizing active elements such as PIN diodes [8,[10][11][12], varactors [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], or MEMS [21], thus, ideally speaking, we can possess in total as many as m n tunable states. This means that extremely large MTMs with an infinite (n→∞) number of units have an infinite number of tunable states, leading to continuous tuning.…”

“…For instance, as demonstrated in Figure 1a, we simulate an MTM antenna containing two-unit (n = 2, m = 2) HIS structures, and it indeed demonstrates several tunable resonances, but they are discrete with unavoidably induced resonance blindness (as shown in the shadow area). Similarly, in [9], where programmable radiations are realized with PIN diodes, and in [21], where programmable spectrum resonances are achieved with MEMS, there exists tuning blindness as well. More specifically, in [9], though scanning beams from roughly −60 • to +60 • are obtained, as the shadow area demonstrates in Figure 1b, scanning blindness occurs from −15 • to +15 • .…”

Dual band frequency tunable planar inverted‐F antenna for mobile handheld devices

“…In Reference , the multiband behavior attained using nested capacitive slots in the antenna structure. Other techniques have been proposed in References 8 to 13, frequency tuning can be achieved using pin diodes, capacitive load, varactor diode, and RF MEMS switch. In References , the capacitive tuning technique is very impressive for extending the frequency without increasing the physical size of the antenna.…”

“…Other techniques have been proposed in References 8 to 13, frequency tuning can be achieved using pin diodes, capacitive load, varactor diode, and RF MEMS switch. In References , the capacitive tuning technique is very impressive for extending the frequency without increasing the physical size of the antenna. In Reference , reconfigurable antennas are used to achieve the multiband operation in the mobile handset and provide better efficiency.…”