High Levels of Inorganic Sulfate Cause Diarrhea in Neonatal Piglets1

Gómez, García; Sandler, Robert S.; Seal, Elston

doi:10.1093/jn/125.9.2325

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although median [SO 4 2Ϫ ] in municipal water supplies was 0.28 mM, [SO 4 2Ϫ ] in private well water can exceed 20 mM (11,19), and common dietary sources rich in SO 4 2Ϫ include preserved fruits, Brassica vegetables, and beer. SLC26A2 might thus, also serve, in states of positive SO 4 2Ϫ balance, to secrete SO 4 2Ϫ in exchange for lumenal Cl Ϫ , complementing renal SO 4 2Ϫ excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated transport of sulfate and oxalate by SLC26A2/DTDST

Heneghan

Akhavein²,

Salas³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Nephrolithiasis in the Slc26a6(-/-) mouse is accompanied by 50-75% reduction in intestinal oxalate secretion with unchanged intestinal oxalate absorption. The molecular identities of enterocyte pathways for oxalate absorption and for Slc26a6-independent oxalate secretion remain undefined. The reported intestinal expression of SO(4)(2-) transporter SLC26A2 prompted us to characterize transport of oxalate and other anions by human SLC26A2 and mouse Slc26a2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We found that hSLC26A2-mediated [(14)C]oxalate uptake (K(1/2) of 0.65 +/- 0.08 mM) was cis-inhibited by external SO(4)(2-) (K(1/2) of 3.1 mM). hSLC26A2-mediated bidirectional oxalate/SO(4)(2-) exchange exhibited extracellular SO(4)(2-) K(1/2) of 1.58 +/- 0.44 mM for exchange with intracellular [(14)C]oxalate, and extracellular oxalate K(1/2) of 0.14 +/- 0.11 mM for exchange with intracellular (35)SO(4)(2-). Influx rates and K(1/2) values for mSlc26a2 were similar. hSLC26A2-mediated oxalate/Cl(-) exchange and bidirectional SO(4)(2-)/Cl(-) exchange were not detectably electrogenic. Both SLC26A2 orthologs exhibited nonsaturable extracellular Cl(-) dependence for efflux of intracellular [(14)C]oxalate, (35)SO(4)(2-), or (36)Cl(-). Rate constants for (36)Cl(-) efflux into extracellular Cl(-), SO(4)(2-), and oxalate were uniformly 10-fold lower than for oppositely directed exchange. Acidic extracellular pH (pH(o)) inhibited all modes of hSLC26A2-mediated anion exchange. In contrast, acidic intracellular pH (pH(i)) selectively activated exchange of extracellular Cl(-) for intracellular (35)SO(4)(2-) but not for intracellular (36)Cl(-) or [(14)C]oxalate. Protein kinase C inhibited hSLC26A2 by reducing its surface abundance. Diastrophic dysplasia mutants R279W and A386V of hSLC26A2 exhibited similar reductions in uptake of both (35)SO(4)(2-) and [(14)C]oxalate. A386V surface abundance was reduced, but R279W surface abundance was at wild-type levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated transport of sulfate and oxalate by SLC26A2/DTDST

Heneghan

Akhavein²,

Salas³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…Laxative effect of sulphate in drinking water was suggested from case studies and anecdotal reports when transient populations such as tourists experienced an abrupt change in concentration. However, most published data concern uncontrolled studies performed in spa (Grossi & Scalabrino, 1996) or investigations performed for ethical reasons on animal models, particularly piglets (Veenhuizen et al, 1992: Gomez et al, 1995 and swine (Veenhuizen, 1993). A field investigation with a recruitment of more than 800 infants exposed to naturally occurring high levels of sulphate in drinking water failed because the number of mothers who intend to feed their babies using tap water to mix the infant milk formula was too low (Federal Register Notice, US EPA, 1999).…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation?

Arnaud

2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

107

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Constipation defined as changes in the frequency, volume, weight, consistency and ease of passage of the stool occurs in any age group. The most important factors known to promote constipation are reduced physical activity and inadequate dietary intake of fibres, carbohydrates and fluids. Fluid losses induced by diarrhoea and febrile illness alter water balance and promote constipation. When children increase their water consumption above their usual intake, no change in stool frequency and consistency was observed. The improvement of constipation by increasing water intake, therefore, may be effective in children only when voluntary fluid consumption is lower-than-normal for the child's age and activity level. In the elderly, low fluid intake, which may be indicative of hypohydration, was a cause of constipation and a significant relationship between liquid deprivation from 2500 to 500 ml per day and constipation was reported. Dehydration is also observed when saline laxatives are used for the treatment of constipation if fluid replacement is not maintained and may affect the efficacy of the treatment. While sulphate in drinking water does not appear to have a significant laxative effect, fluid intake and magnesium sulphate-rich mineral waters were shown to improve constipation in healthy infants. In conclusion, fluid loss and fluid restriction and thus de-or hypohydration increase constipation. It is thus important to maintain euhydration as a prevention of constipation.

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“…I n our laboratory, pigs are reared w ith an autom atic feedin g device, and the details of the characteristics and functionin g of this device as w ell as the environm ental rearing condition s have been previou sly reported [ 46,47] .…”

Section: Feeding Programs For Artificial Rearing Of Colostrum-deprivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Colostrum-Deprived, Artificially Reared Neonatal Pig as a Model Animal for Studying Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Gómez

1998

Pediatric Pathology & Molecular Medicine

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g astroenteritis is one of the main causes of acute diarrhea in young humans and animals u Rotavirus worldwide. T he colostrum-deprived, arti cially rear ed neonatal pig has been extensively used in our laborat ory as a model animal for studying an exper imentally induced rotaviral g astroenteritis. D etails on procurement of new born pig s, immunolog ic characteristics, and arti cial rearing conditions of colostrumdeprived neonatal pig s as well as on rotavirus inoculation, clinical manifestations, and evaluation of intestinal damag e caused by rotavirus inf ection are described. O ur exper imentally induced rotavirus g astroenteritis model has been characterized clinically by anor exia, diarrhea, occasional vomiting, and hig h titers of rotavirus shedding in f eces. D ata repor ted her e provide additional inf ormation, particularly on f eeding reg imens of pig s bef ore rotavirus inoculation, extent of anorex ia, severity of diarrhea, and extent of fecal virus shedding , as well as on the eÚ ect of rotavirus inf ection and size of rotavirus inocula on intestinal damag e, g rowth, and mortality during the postinfection period. O n the basis of these results and others previously reported by us and by other resear chers, and because of the intestinal anatomy and physiolog y similarities to that of human infants, the colostrum-deprived, arti cially reared neonatal pig is the most suitable and usef ul model animal f or studies desig ned to evaluate prevention and treatment of rotaviral g astroenteritis.Gastrointestinal viral infection s are comm on in young animals and hum ans and often are associa ted w ith enteritis and diarrhea [ 1, 2] . R otavirus infection is a major cau se of severe diarrhea in children [ 3] as w ell as of neonatal diarrhea in several animal species w orldwide [ 4] . The main characteristics of rotavirus infections have been review ed extensiv ely [ 5, 6] . The need for an anim al model in which to study the pathogenesis, as w ell as the prevention and treatment of rotaviru s gastroenteritis, has long been recognized [ 1] . Because the porcine gastrointestin al tract and digestiv e physiology are very sim ilar to that of hum ans, gnotobiotic [ 7-16] as well as conventional [17][18][19][20][21][22]

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High Levels of Inorganic Sulfate Cause Diarrhea in Neonatal Piglets1

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Regulated transport of sulfate and oxalate by SLC26A2/DTDST

Regulated transport of sulfate and oxalate by SLC26A2/DTDST

Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation?

The Colostrum-Deprived, Artificially Reared Neonatal Pig as a Model Animal for Studying Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

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