High irisin levels in overweight/obese children and its positive correlation with metabolic profile, blood pressure, and endothelial progenitor cells

Meneck, Franciele De; Souza, Lívia Victorino de; Oliveira, Vanessa; Franco, Maria do Carmo Pinho

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.009

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Significant changes in the irisin levels have been described in the blood of people affected by obesity. Previous studies suggested that irisin circulating level is reduced in obese subjects [ 53 ], on the other hand, more recent studies showed opposite results [ 60 , 61 ]. A state of irisin resistance may be reported during the course of obesity development, which could explain the elevated levels of irisin in these subjects [ 60 ].…”

Section: Irisin Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin and Autophagy: First Update

Pesce

Ballerini

Paolucci

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Aging and sedentary life style are considered independent risk factors for many disorders. Under these conditions, accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occurs, resulting in a cellular degeneration and cell death. Autophagy is a conserved recycling pathway responsible for the degradation, then turnover of cellular proteins and organelles. This process is a part of the molecular underpinnings by which exercise promotes healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Irisin is a myokine released during physical activity and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. Its main beneficial function is the change of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, with a consequential increase in thermogenesis. Irisin modulates metabolic processes, acting on glucose homeostasis, reduces systemic inflammation, maintains the balance between resorption and bone formation, and regulates the functioning of the nervous system. Recently, some of its pleiotropic and favorable properties have been attributed to autophagy induction, posing irisin as an important regulator of autophagy by exercise. This review article proposes to bring together for the first time the “state of the art” knowledge regarding the effects of irisin and autophagy. Furthermore, treatments on relation between exercise/myokines and autophagy have been also achieved.

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Section: Irisin Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin and Autophagy: First Update

Pesce

Ballerini

Paolucci

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…22 Similarly, endothelial progenitor cells, which are bone marrow-derived progenitor cells involved in neovasculogenesis and maintenance of vascular integrity, 43 are increased in obese youth. 44,45 While this suggests early endothelial damage, it also shows that the adaptive response to the haemodynamic consequences of obesity and the endothelial reparative mechanisms are still well intact among obese children, suggesting that early intervention to revert obesity during childhood may revert also their cardiovascular risk. factors that should be considered.…”

Section: Vascular Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and predictive biomarkers of early cardiovascular disease in obese youth

Maddaloni

Buzzetti

2019

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Obesity in childhood and adolescence continues to be a major health issue due to significant health implications and to the economic burden that arise from treating this disease and its complications. Current data show that childhood obesity is no longer just a concern for developed countries, but more significantly affecting developing countries. In adult population, cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity among obese patients. It is therefore believed that risk factors found in adult patients could also be observed in obese youth. These risk factors will then persist and become progressively worse if obese youth remain obese as they reach adulthood. However, risk reduction is achievable through various prevention and management strategies of obesity and obese children who become nonobese in adulthood have a significant reduction in their risk of developing cardiovascular disease.New biomarkers to improve risk assessment in obese youth are an open research field, which will eventually lead to a more targeted approach in prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, there is still a need for continuous research in understanding the roles of these biomarkers and their potential in risk prediction. Cardiovascular risk modification of childhood obesity depends on a more concerted effort among the various parties involved and particularly a global collaboration to stop the rising prevalence of the epidemic in developing countries.

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“…In the pediatric population, specifically regarding children with MetS and T2DM, reports are either controversial or scarce [ 34 ]. For instance, positive correlations between plasma irisin concentration and both triglyceride levels and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index were described in nondiabetic children [ 35 ] and adolescents with MetS [ 36 ]. On the contrary, lower serum irisin concentrations were shown in overweight and obese children with MetS compared with those without MetS [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased plasma levels of adhesion molecules, alongside lower plasma irisin concentrations and negative correlations between irisin and E-selectin, ICAM-1, and TNF- α were found in obese children when compared with lean controls [ 40 ]. Furthermore, an increase in endothelial progenitor cells and plasma irisin levels was shown in overweight/obese children, which was attributed to a compensatory mechanism elicited in an attempt to repair vascular damage [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Delgado

Roffe-Vazquez

Gonzalez‐Gil

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in the pediatric population. Irisin, an adipomyokine, is involved in white adipose tissue browning, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Data on the associations among circulating irisin levels, soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs), and inflammatory cytokines is scarce in children and adolescents with MetS and T2DM. Subjects aged 6-16 years were grouped into T2DM, MetS, and healthy controls. Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in the MetS (6.6 [2.8-18.0] ng/mL) and T2DM (6.8 [2.2-23.2] ng/mL) groups compared with controls (30.3 [24.6-57.1] ng/mL). Negative correlations between irisin and the BMI percentile (R=−0.358), WC percentile (R=−0.308), and triglycerides (R=−0.284) were identified, while positive associations with TC (R=0.287), HDL-c (R=0.488), and LDL-c (R=0.414) were observed. Significant negative correlations were found between irisin and sNCAM (R=−0.382), sICAM-2 (R=−0.300), sVCAM-1 (R=−0.292), MCP-1 (R=−0.308), and IFN-α2 (R=−0.406). Of note, lower concentrations of most sCAMs (sICAM-1, sPSGL-1, sP-selectin, sEpCAM, sICAM-2, sALCAM, sPECAM-1, sCD44, sVCAM-1, sICAM-3, sL-selectin, and sNCAM) were shown in T2DM subjects compared with MetS patients. Lower irisin levels induce a lack of inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. In T2DM, higher ROS, AGEs, glucotoxicity, and inflammation trigger endothelial cell apoptosis, which downregulates the sCAM expression as a compensatory mechanism to prevent further vascular damage. In opposition, in subjects with MetS that have not yet developed T2DM and its accompanying stressors, the upregulation of the sCAM expression is ensued.

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High irisin levels in overweight/obese children and its positive correlation with metabolic profile, blood pressure, and endothelial progenitor cells

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

Irisin and Autophagy: First Update

Irisin and Autophagy: First Update

Risk factors and predictive biomarkers of early cardiovascular disease in obese youth

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

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