High ionic strength electrokinetics of clay minerals

Kosmulski, Marek; Dahlsten, Per

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.06.037

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The material also lacks elements that are likely to interact and transform into harmful substances or oxidize easily, thereby changing its initial structure and properties. The ζ-potential is similar to those of kaolinite and montmorillonite at lower pH, but the clay minerals show a larger negative charge at high pH [36]. The ζ-potential had a negative correlation with pH which can be related to its high content of CaCO 3 and is consistent with other electrokinetic studies on calcite summarized by Guichet et al [37].…”

Section: Use Of Gld In Sealing Layerssupporting

confidence: 79%

Characterization of Green Liquor Dregs, Potentially Useful for Prevention of the Formation of Acid Rock Drainage

et al. 2014

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Abstract:Using alternative materials such as residual products from other industries to mitigate the negative effects of acid rock drainage would simultaneously solve two environmental problems. The main residual product still landfilled by sulphate paper mills is the alkaline material green liquor dregs (GLD). A physical, mineralogical and chemical characterization of four batches of GLD was carried out to evaluate the potential to use it as a sealing layer in the construction of dry covers on sulphide-bearing mine waste. GLD has relatively low hydraulic conductivity (10 −8 to 10 −9 m/s), a high water retention capacity (WRC) and small particle size. Whilst the chemical and mineralogical composition varied between the different batches, these variations were not reflected in properties such as hydraulic conductivity and WRC. Due to relatively low trace element concentrations, leaching of contaminants from the GLD is not a concern for the environment. However, GLD is a sticky material, difficult to apply on mine waste deposits and the shear strength is insufficient for engineering applications. Therefore, improving the mechanical properties is necessary. In addition, GLD has a high buffering capacity indicating that it could act as an alkaline barrier. Once engineering technicalities have been overcome, the long-term effectiveness of GLD should be studied, especially the effect of aging and how the sealing layer would be engineered in respect to topography and climatic conditions.

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Section: Use Of Gld In Sealing Layerssupporting

confidence: 79%

Characterization of Green Liquor Dregs, Potentially Useful for Prevention of the Formation of Acid Rock Drainage

et al. 2014

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“…For all the clays, the ζ potential increases with increasing salt concentration and decreasing pH. The increase of the ζ potential is larger upon addition of divalent salt than of monovalent salt (Sondi et al 1996;Kosmulski 2006;Tombacz and Szekeres 2004;Tomback and Szekeres 2006;Mietta et al 2009). …”

Section: ζ Potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of shear rate, organic matter content, pH and salinity on mud flocculation

et al. 2009

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The purpose of this paper is to establish a relation between a few measurable quantities (the socalled ζ potential, organic matter content, and shear rate) and the flocculation behavior of mud. The results obtained with small-scale flocculation experiments (mixing jar) are compared to results of large-scale experiments (settling column). The mud used for all experiments has been collected in October 2007 in the lower Western Schelde, near Antwerp, Belgium. From this study, it was found that the mean floc size and the Kolmogorov microscale vary in a similar way with the shear rate for suspensions with different pH and salt concentrations. The size of flocs at a given shear rate depends on the properties of the suspension, which affect the electrokinetic properties of the sediment; these can be described by means of the ζ potential. The main findings of this paper are: (1) In saline suspensions at pH = 8, the mean floc size increases when the salt concentration and the ζ potential increase. (2) For a given ζ potential, the mean floc size at low pH is larger than observed at pH = 8 for any added salt. (3) The mean floc size increases with increasing organic matter content. (4) Mud with no organic matter at pH = 8 and no added salt flocculates very little. The response of mud suspensions to variations in salinity and pH is similar to that of kaolinite. This suggests that a general trend can be established for different and complex types of clays and mud. This systematic study can therefore be used for further development of flocculation models.

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“…Here we combine them to provide [1] Quartz with NaCl (Pride and Morgan, 1991); [2] silica with NaCl (Gaudin and Fuerstenau, 1955;Li and de Bruyn, 1966;Kirby and Hasselbrink, 2004);[3] glass beads with NaCl (Bolève et al, 2007);[4] clay minerals with NaCl (Kosmulski and Dahlsten, 2006;Avena and De Pauli, 1998);[5] sandstone with KCl (Lorne et al, 1999); [6] quartz with NaCl (Kosmulski et al, 2002); [7] kaolin coated sandstone with NaCl (Pengra et al, 1999);[8] tuff samples containing clays and zeolites [9] kaolinite with NaCl (Poirier and Cases., 1985); [10] mica with NaCl (Will and Nover, 1986); [11] sandstone with NaCl (Alkafeef and Alajmi., 2006);. The named samples are from Vinogradov et al (2010) and Jaafar et al (2009).…”

Section: Theoretical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streaming-potential coefficient of reservoir rock: A theoretical model

2012

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The streaming potential is that electrical potential which develops when an ionic fluid flows through the pores of a rock. It is an old concept that is recently being applied in many fields from monitoring water fronts in oil reservoirs to understanding the mechanisms behind synthetic earthquakes. We have carried out fundamental theoretical modeling of the streaming-potential coefficient as a function of pore fluid salinity, pH, and temperature by modifying the HS equation for use with porous rocks and using input parameters from established fundamental theory (the Debye screening length, the Stern-plane potential, the zeta potential, and the surface conductance). The model also requires the density, electrical conductivity, relative electric permittivity and dynamic viscosity of the bulk fluid, for which empirical models are used so that the temperature of the model may be varied. These parameters are then combined with parameters that describe the rock microstructure. The resulting theoretical values have been compared with a compilation of data for siliceous materials comprising 290 streaming-potential coefficient measurements and 269 zeta-potential measurements obtained experimentally for 17 matrix-fluid combinations (e.g., sandstone saturated with KCl), using data from 29 publications. The theoretical model was found to ably describe the main features of the data, whether taken together or on a sample by sample basis. The low-salinity regime was found to be controlled by surface conduction and rock microstructure, and was sensitive to changes in porosity, cementation exponent, formation factor, grain size, pore size and pore throat size as well as specific surface conductivity. The high-salinity regime was found to be subject to a zeta-potential offset that allows the streaming-potential coefficient to remain significant even as the saturation limit is approached.

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High ionic strength electrokinetics of clay minerals

Cited by 62 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of Green Liquor Dregs, Potentially Useful for Prevention of the Formation of Acid Rock Drainage

Characterization of Green Liquor Dregs, Potentially Useful for Prevention of the Formation of Acid Rock Drainage

Influence of shear rate, organic matter content, pH and salinity on mud flocculation

Streaming-potential coefficient of reservoir rock: A theoretical model

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