High intraspecific genome diversity in the model arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>

Chen, Eric C.; Morin, Emmanuelle; Beaudet, Denis; Noël, Jessica; Yildirir, Gökalp; Ndikumana, Steve; Charron, Philippe; St‐Onge, Camille; Giorgi, John; Krüger, Manuela; Marton, Timea; Ropars, Jeanne; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Hainaut, Matthieu; Henrissat, Bernard; Roux, Christophe; Martin, Francis; Corradi, Nicolas

doi:10.1111/nph.14989

Cited by 181 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Deciphering the origin of this intraspecific functional diversity is challenging and will require genomics and functional genomics studies at intra‐ and interspecific levels such as that of Chen et al . (). The effects on plant performance are likely under the control of a number of loci showing intraspecific polymorphisms.…”

Section: The Plant–fungus Genotype Combination Determines the Outcomementioning

confidence: 97%

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2018

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Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.

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Section: The Plant–fungus Genotype Combination Determines the Outcomementioning

confidence: 97%

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2018

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“…Given the recent finding of high genomic variability in AM fungi (Chen et al ., ), can ecosystem contributions of AM fungi be partitioned into those coded by core and ancillary genomes?…”

Section: Opportunities and The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ecosystem function

2018

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Contents Summary1059I.Introduction: pathways of influence and pervasiveness of effects1060II.AM fungal richness effects on ecosystem functions1062III.Other dimensions of biodiversity1062IV.Back to basics – primary axes of niche differentiation by AM fungi1066V.Functional diversity of AM fungi – a role for biological stoichiometry?1067VI.Past, novel and future ecosystems1068VII.Opportunities and the way forward1071Acknowledgements1072References1072 Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important functional roles in ecosystems, including the uptake and transfer of nutrients, modification of the physical soil environment and alteration of plant interactions with other biota. Several studies have demonstrated the potential for variation in AM fungal diversity to also affect ecosystem functioning, mainly via effects on primary productivity. Diversity in these studies is usually characterized in terms of the number of species, unique evolutionary lineages or complementary mycorrhizal traits, as well as the ability of plants to discriminate among AM fungi in space and time. However, the emergent outcomes of these relationships are usually indirect, and thus context dependent, and difficult to predict with certainty. Here, we advocate a fungal‐centric view of AM fungal biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships that focuses on the direct and specific links between AM fungal fitness and consequences for their roles in ecosystems, especially highlighting functional diversity in hyphal resource economics. We conclude by arguing that an understanding of AM fungal functional diversity is fundamental to determine whether AM fungi have a role in the exploitation of marginal/novel environments (whether past, present or future) and highlight avenues for future research.

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“…() demonstrated that although morphological traits, including extraradical hyphal volumes, were highly conserved among different isolates of the same species, plant growth responses to fungal inoculation were highly variable, even among isolates of the same species; in other words, there is functional diversity among the isolates (Smith et al ., ). The high intraspecific variability in the fungal gene repertoires (Chen et al ., ) is certainly a major factor that differentiates plant growth responses and should be addressed for understanding the genetic background of the functional diversity.…”

Section: Foraging For Phosphatementioning

confidence: 99%

How do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi handle phosphate? New insight into fine‐tuning of phosphate metabolism

2018

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Contents Summary1116I.Introduction1116II.Foraging for phosphate1117III.Fine‐tuning of phosphate homeostasis1117IV.The frontiers: phosphate translocation and export1119V.Conclusions and outlook1120Acknowledgements1120References1120 Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with most land plants and deliver mineral nutrients, in particular phosphate, to the host. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of phosphate acquisition and delivery in the fungi is critical for full appreciation of the mutualism in this association. Here, we provide updates on physical, chemical, and biological strategies of the fungi for phosphate acquisition, including interactions with phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria, and those on the regulatory mechanisms of phosphate homeostasis based on resurveys of published genome sequences and a transcriptome with reference to the latest findings in a model fungus. For the mechanisms underlying phosphate translocation and export to the host, which are major research frontiers in this field, not only recent advances but also testable hypotheses are proposed. Lastly, we briefly discuss applicability of the latest tools to gene silencing in the fungi, which will be breakthrough techniques for comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of fungal phosphate metabolism.

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High intraspecific genome diversity in the model arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis

Cited by 181 publications

References 77 publications

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ecosystem function

How do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi handle phosphate? New insight into fine‐tuning of phosphate metabolism

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