High interferon alpha levels in placenta, maternal, and cord blood suggest a protective effect against intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection

Zdravković, Milan; Knudsen, Hans Jørgen; Liu, Xiangdong; Hager, Henrik; Zachar, Vladimír; Aboagye-Mathiesen, George; Ebbesen, Peter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199703)51:3<210::aid-jmv11>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…4,30,39 Cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) and IFN-␣ have been reported to cross the placental barrier at amounts that can have a biological effect on the fetus. 40,41 Our results suggest that pregnancy and allergic responses interact to modulate the systemic release of cytokines. Pregnancy is thought to produce a Th2 milieu that promotes tolerance to the fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Adoptively Transferred Allergen-Specific T Cells Cause Maternal Transmission of Asthma Risk

Hubeau

Apostolou

Kobzik

2006

The American Journal of Pathology

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In addition to genetics and environment, maternal asthma is an identified risk factor for developing the disease during childhood. The mechanisms of this maternal effect remain poorly understood. We tested the role of allergen-specific T cells in the maternal transmission of asthma risk by modifying a model where offspring of asthmatic mothers are more prone to develop asthma after an intentionally suboptimal asthma induction. Normal BALB/c females were injected with allergen-specific T cells from ovalbumin-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic DO11.10 donors before mating. Using the protocol of suboptimal asthma induction, offspring of normal and recipient mothers were tested for their susceptibility to develop asthma. Only pups of recipient mothers showed increased airway responsiveness (Penh), allergic airway inflammation with eosinophilia, and local Th2-skewed cytokine production. Although recipient mothers did not develop asthma, serum levels of interferon-␥, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were significantly increased during pregnancy. Consistent with this finding, a subset of DO11.10 T cells persisted in the spleen and placenta of expectant recipient mothers. We conclude that allergen-specific T cells are sufficient to orchestrate the maternal transmission of asthma risk. Because overt maternal asthma was not required, our results suggest that similar maternal-fetal interactions may occur in other allergic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Adoptively Transferred Allergen-Specific T Cells Cause Maternal Transmission of Asthma Risk

Hubeau

Apostolou

Kobzik

2006

The American Journal of Pathology

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“…The mechanism for this apparent selectivity is not known, but it is possible that interferons generated in the placenta may play a role. 49 …”

Section: Time/mode Of Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

2002

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Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparatively uncommon. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in pregnant women is 0.1% to 2.4%, although in some endemic areas it is much higher. The proportion of women with anti-HCV who have active infection with viremia is 60% to 70%. Transmission of HCV occurs only when serum HCV RNA is detectable and may be related to higher levels (above 10 6 copies per mL). M aternal and child health issues relating to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have recently assumed greater importance than ever before. From the pediatric perspective, the availability of effective screening methods for HCV has virtually eliminated new cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C in children. Consequently, childhood acquisition of HCV infection through maternal-infant transmission has become the most important mode of spread. 1 Vertical, or more precisely, mother-to-infant hepatitis C will likely be the major type of childhood chronic hepatitis C within the next 6 to 8 years. It has been difficult to determine the rate of mother-to-infant transmission, partly because reports of mother-to-infant transmission of HCV have been based on small numbers of patients, with differing disease definitions, followed with different study designs and using different virological assays. These reports tended to be heterogeneous and conflicting. Moreover, factors that promote mother-to-infant transmission and the outcome of chronic HCV infection acquired by this route still require clarification. Likewise, for women of child-bearing age who acquired chronic hepatitis C in childhood or in early adulthood, there are important issues relating to pregnancy itself, such as its effect on the disease course of chronic hepatitis C. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Pregnant WomenNumerous studies have examined the prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant women (Table 1). The studies vary considerably in terms of the size of the study, geographic variables, and adequacy of laboratory testing. In general, the prevalence of detectable antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) is approximately 1% overall (range, 0.1% to 2.4%), based on the studies that included at least 3,000 subjects. The mean Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; anti-HCV, antibody to HCV; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

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“…This is true in that these cells may present a physical barrier to prevent transmission of infection to the fetus 18, 19 . In addition, trophoblast expresses molecules that help to limit or prevent persistent infection 20–23 . However, persistent involvement of the placenta may be seen in several viral infections 24 .…”

Section: Host Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Regulation in Pregnancy

Bonney

2016

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America

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Synopsis The maternal immune system is complex and governed by multiple hormonal and metabolic factors, including those provided to her via the fetus. Understanding of the balance between maternal tolerance and protection of the fetus may require thinking from multiple theoretical approaches to general problem of immune activation and tolerance. The basics for this process are discussed here and may suggest both specific experiments in human and animal models and specific interventions in pregnant patients with immune system-related disease.

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High interferon alpha levels in placenta, maternal, and cord blood suggest a protective effect against intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Adoptively Transferred Allergen-Specific T Cells Cause Maternal Transmission of Asthma Risk

Adoptively Transferred Allergen-Specific T Cells Cause Maternal Transmission of Asthma Risk

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

Immune Regulation in Pregnancy

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