High-Intensity Training Reduces CD8+ T-cell Redistribution in Response to Exercise

Witard, Oliver C.; Turner, James; Jackman, Sarah R.; Tipton, Kevin D.; Jeukendrup, Asker E.; Kies, Arie K.; Bosch, Jos A.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318257d2db

Cited by 38 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Acute exercise is well known to stimulate the redistribution of T cells into the circulation in humans (Simpson et al 2007;Turner et al 2010;Witard et al 2012). Most previous studies have used a controlled exercise bout (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males

Ross

Tormey

Ingram

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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What is the central question of the study? Are CD31 angiogenic T (T ) cells preferentially mobilized in response to acute exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Our study reveals that T cells are redistributed into the circulation in response to acute strenuous exercise, but to a lesser extent than CD31 T cells. Of the T cells mobilized, T cells expressing CXCR4 show greater redistribution compared with CXCR4 T cells. Stromal-derived factor 1-α does not appear to play a role in the redistribution of T cells expressing CXCR4. The results suggest that a single bout of strenuous exercise might provide a short vasculogenic window, which could benefit the vascular system by redistributing CD31 T cells. CD31 T cells have been documented to possess vasculogenic properties and have been termed 'angiogenic T cells' (T cells). No study to date has fully characterized the effect of acute exercise on T cells. Twelve male participants aged 24-45 years undertook a running 10 km time trial, with peripheral blood samples taken before, immediately after and 1 h postexercise for quantification of T cells and subsequent CXCR4 cell surface expression by flow cytometry. The T cells demonstrated a 102% increase in number in the peripheral circulation immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise levels, followed by a large egress (50%) from the circulation in total T cells 1 h postexercise. This was due to changes in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, with CD8 T cells displaying greater ingress (123%) and egress (52%) compared with CD4 T cells (ingress, 83%; egress, 37%). The cell surface expression intensity of CXCR4 was affected only on CD8 T cells, with a significant increase in cell surface expression immediately postexercise versus pre-exercise levels. The CD31 T cells displayed greater redistribution than CD31 T cells (119 versus 102%). CXCR4-expressing T cells showed greater response to acute exercise than CXCR4 cells, which was accompanied by large changes in CXCR4 ligand SDF-1α. The results show that acute exercise increases T cells in the circulation in response to an acute exercise stressor. Additionally, CXCR4 cell surface expression appears to be increased in response to exercise, which may result from the direct upregulation of CXCR4 on the T-cell surface or could be due to CD31 T cells being redistributed into the blood expressing greater levels of CXCR4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males

Ross

Tormey

Ingram

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Witard et al (22) observed a reduction in CD8 + cells in response to intense exercise, demonstrating that the lymphocyte profile is highly sensitive to exercise and is largely driven by CD8 + T cells. However, different from our study, Witard et al (22) examined young adults and the acute effect of exercise. Recently, Brown et al (32) highlighted the importance of gender and training status for the redistribution of senescent and naive T lymphocytes in response to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that regular exercise of moderate intensity positively affects the immune system because of the associated anti-inflammatory effect (19– 21). Moreover, exercise induces immunomodulatory effects, such as changes in the number and function of peripheral blood cells (neutrophils, B, T, NK and monocytes), and it influences the trafficking of cells, such as CD8 + lymphocytes, between the blood and target tissues in healthy individuals (22). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic training modulates T cell activation in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis

Gomes

Lacerda

Brito-Melo

et al. 2016

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Osteoarthritis of the knee (kOA) is a disease that mainly affects the elderly and can lead to major physical and functional limitations. However, the specific effects of walking, particularly on the immune system, are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of walking (3×/week) on the leukocyte profile and quality of life (QL) of elderly women with kOA. Sixteen women (age: 67±4 years, body mass index: 28.07±4.16 kg/m2) participated in a walking program. The variables were assessed before and after 12 weeks of training with a progressively longer duration (30–55 min) and higher intensity (72–82% of HRmax determined using a graded incremental treadmill test). The QL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and blood samples were collected for analysis with a cell counter and the San Fac flow cytometer. Walking training resulted in a 47% enhancement of the self-reported QL (P<0.05) and a 21% increase in the VO2max (P<0.0001) in elderly women with kOA. Furthermore, there was a reduction in CD4+ cells (pre=46.59±7%, post=44.58±9%, P=0.0189) and a higher fluorescence intensity for CD18+CD4+ (pre=45.30±10, post=64.27±33, P=0.0256) and CD18+CD8+ (pre=64.2±27, post=85.02±35, P=0.0130). In conclusion, the walking program stimulated leukocyte production, which may be related to the immunomodulatory effect of exercise. Walking also led to improvements in the QL and physical performance in elderly women with kOA.

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“…In a similar vein it is known that fish oil can improve immune function in the recovery period after exercise [13], suggesting that fish oil supplementation may reduce URTI incidence although, as with vitamin D, there are no studies investigating this at present. One method which has successfully been shown to reduce URTI incidence is through an increase in dietary protein intake [29]. In this study, with a counterbalanced design, participants carried out 7 days of high intensity exercise training on either a normal (1.5g/kg body mass/day) or high protein diet (3.0g/kg body mass/day).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fish Oil, Vitamin D and Protein on URTI Incidence in Young Active People

et al. 2015

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Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a frequent illness among athletes. We investigated the effect of a multi-nutrient supplement (vitamin D, fish oil and protein) on the occurrence of URTI in young active people. Forty-two young recreational athletes were randomly assigned to receive either a supplementation (550 mg DHA, 550 mg EPA, 10 µg vitamin D3 and 8 g whey protein) or placebo for 16 weeks. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected by passive drool. Samples were analysed for IgA (sIgA) concentration and the secretion rate extrapolated by multiplying concentration by saliva flow rate. Physical activity levels and URTI incidence were monitored by questionnaire. Training status was not different between the 2 groups. There were no differences in the incidence, severity and duration of URTI. However the number of symptom days was lower in the supplemented compared to the control group (1.72 ± 1.67 vs 2.79 ± 1.76; P < 0.05). sIgA concentration and secretion rate did not differ between groups. This study demonstrates that 16 weeks of supplementation with fish oil, vitamin D and protein did not modify the incidence, severity and duration of URTI, although the total number of symptom days was reduced, in a healthy active population.

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High-Intensity Training Reduces CD8+ T-cell Redistribution in Response to Exercise

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males

Aerobic training modulates T cell activation in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis

The Effect of Fish Oil, Vitamin D and Protein on URTI Incidence in Young Active People

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