“…The phenomenon is considered to be a universal method and platform technology because all types of cells (animal, plant and microorganisms) are affected by electroporation (Miklavčič 2012). In fact, many electroporation-based applications have already been identified and developed, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT) of tumors , nonthermal irreversible ablation of tumors Maor et al 2009), gene therapy (Heller and Heller 2010), food preservation (Toepfl et al 2007) and others (Daugimont et al 2010;Gusbeth et al 2009;Ušaj et al 2010).…”
Electroporation-based treatment combining high-voltage electric pulses and poorly permanent cytotoxic drugs, i.e., electrochemotherapy (ECT), is currently used for treating superficial tumor nodules by following standard operating procedures. Besides ECT, another electroporation-based treatment, nonthermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE), is also efficient at ablating deepseated tumors. To perform ECT or N-TIRE of deep-seated tumors, following standard operating procedures is not sufficient and patient-specific treatment planning is required for successful treatment. Treatment planning is required because of the use of individual long-needle electrodes and the diverse shape, size and location of deepseated tumors. Many institutions that already perform ECT of superficial metastases could benefit from treatmentplanning software that would enable the preparation of patient-specific treatment plans. To this end, we have developed a Web-based treatment-planning software for planning electroporation-based treatments that does not require prior engineering knowledge from the user (e.g., the clinician). The software includes algorithms for automatic tissue segmentation and, after segmentation, generation of a 3D model of the tissue. The procedure allows the user to define how the electrodes will be inserted. Finally, electric field distribution is computed, the position of electrodes and the voltage to be applied are optimized using the 3D model and a downloadable treatment plan is made available to the user.
“…The phenomenon is considered to be a universal method and platform technology because all types of cells (animal, plant and microorganisms) are affected by electroporation (Miklavčič 2012). In fact, many electroporation-based applications have already been identified and developed, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT) of tumors , nonthermal irreversible ablation of tumors Maor et al 2009), gene therapy (Heller and Heller 2010), food preservation (Toepfl et al 2007) and others (Daugimont et al 2010;Gusbeth et al 2009;Ušaj et al 2010).…”
Electroporation-based treatment combining high-voltage electric pulses and poorly permanent cytotoxic drugs, i.e., electrochemotherapy (ECT), is currently used for treating superficial tumor nodules by following standard operating procedures. Besides ECT, another electroporation-based treatment, nonthermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE), is also efficient at ablating deepseated tumors. To perform ECT or N-TIRE of deep-seated tumors, following standard operating procedures is not sufficient and patient-specific treatment planning is required for successful treatment. Treatment planning is required because of the use of individual long-needle electrodes and the diverse shape, size and location of deepseated tumors. Many institutions that already perform ECT of superficial metastases could benefit from treatmentplanning software that would enable the preparation of patient-specific treatment plans. To this end, we have developed a Web-based treatment-planning software for planning electroporation-based treatments that does not require prior engineering knowledge from the user (e.g., the clinician). The software includes algorithms for automatic tissue segmentation and, after segmentation, generation of a 3D model of the tissue. The procedure allows the user to define how the electrodes will be inserted. Finally, electric field distribution is computed, the position of electrodes and the voltage to be applied are optimized using the 3D model and a downloadable treatment plan is made available to the user.
“…And the final equation in terms of coded factors was obtained as follows: log(N/N 0 ) =-3.25 + 3.553E-003 * MP -0.32 * T -0.29 * UP -0.058 * t -0.10 * MP * T + 0.093 * MP * UP + 8.974E-003 * MP * t + 0.11 * T * UP + 0.045 * T * t + 0.57 * UP * t -0.066 * MP 2 + 0.027 * T 2 + 0.15 * UP 2 -0.026 * t 2 (6) Where N 0 and N were primary and secondary counts, MP was microwave power (W), T was the sample temperature (°C), UP was ultrasonic power (W), and t was the ultrasonic exposure time (min). As equations show the temperature is more important than other parameters on E. coli reduction.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this purpose, researchers have been looking for solutions that by combining new thermal and non-thermal approaches, the damaging effects of conventional pasteurization be removed. The proposed approach can be non-thermal methods such as ultrasound waves, high hydrostatic pressure, electric field and the mixed methods (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Usually, in some new ways, the nature of the effect of heat is changed.…”
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Considering the benefits of grape juice, including blood purification, treatment of lung, kidney and skin diseases, its pasteurization processing and production are of special importance. Pasteurize grape juice in optimal conditions, a short time and better quality using a system consisting of microwave and ultrasound device to reduce the harmful effects of high temperatures will be valuable for the food industry.
Please cite this paper as:
Introduction:The thermal pasteurization is a common method for maintaining fruit juice and increasing shelf life, but the thermal processing changes the flavor and color of the products. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new method of combining heat and ultrasound on the number of the Escherichia coli present in grape juice. Methods: In this study, the effects of the microwave power, temperature, ultrasound power and ultrasonic exposure time were evaluated on E. coli count of red grape juice. In order to determine the microbial inactivation by microwave and ultrasound, E. coli at a concentration of 6×10 6 per mL was inoculated to red grape juice. Results: The effects of microwave power, grape juice temperature, ultrasound power and ultrasonic exposure time on the reduction of E. coli were significant (P < 0.05). The model showed that in reducing E. coli the importance of the final temperature of the juice was higher than the microwave power. In addition, the ultrasonic power was more effective in E. coli reduction as compared to the microwave power. Conclusion: Both sample temperature and ultrasonic duration were important independent variables and effective factors on E. coli reduction.
“…In this study, research towards the electroporation efficiency of PEF applied to the porous packing of sliced food particles is provided. A drastic increase in permeability re-establishes the equilibrium of the electrochemical and electric potential differences of the cell plasma and the extracellular medium forming a Donnan-equilibrium (Toepfl et al, 2007). Simultaneously, the neutralization of the transmembrane gradient across the membrane irreversibly impairs vital physiological control systems of the cell like osmoregulation and consequently cell death occurs.…”
Section: International Journal Of Engineeringmentioning
: -Use of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) for inactivation of microorganisms is one of the more promising nonthermal processing methods. Inactivation of microorganisms exposed to high-voltage PEFs is related to the electromechanical instability of the cell membrane. Electric field strength and treatment time are the two most important factors involved in PEF processing. Encouraging results are reported at the laboratory level, but scaling up to the industrial level escalates the cost of the command charging power supply and of the high-speed electrical switch. In this paper, we critically review the results of earlier experimental studies on PEFs and we suggest the future work that is required in this field. Inactivation tests in viscous foods and in liquid food containing particulates must be conducted. A successful continuous PEF processing system for industrial applications has yet to be designed. The high initial cost of setting up the PEF processing system is the major obstacle confronting those who would encourage the system's industrial application. Innovative developments in high-voltage pulse technology will reduce the cost of pulse generation and will make PEF processing competitive with thermal-processing methods.
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