High Intensity Jump Exercise Preserves Posture Control, Gait, and Functional Mobility During 60 Days of Bed-Rest: An RCT Including 90 Days of Follow-Up

Ritzmann, Ramona; Freyler, Kathrin; Kümmel, Jakob; Grüber, Markus; Belavý, Daniel L.; Felsenberg, Dieter; Gollhofer, Albert; Krämer, Andreas; Ambrecht, Gabriele

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01713

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In participants subjected to 2 months of bed rest, plyometrics have been successfully used as an integrated countermeasure (Kramer et al., 2017b), preserving muscle mass of leg extensors, maximal leg strength, and peak power as well as tibial mineral density and content, whereas the inactive control group showed profound losses in these parameters (Kramer et al., 2017a, 2018). Moreover, the jump training was able to prevent most of the deteriorations in functional parameters such as balance control, gait and mobility (Ritzmann et al., 2018). Excluding breaks, the training group exercised for about 3 min per day on 6 days per week.…”

Section: Physiology and Application Of Reactive Jump Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Impact Loading and the Stretch Shortening Cycle for Spaceflight Countermeasures

et al. 2019

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Pronounced muscle and bone losses indicate that the musculoskeletal system suffers substantially from prolonged microgravity. A likely reason for these detrimental adaptations in the lower extremity is the lack of impact loading and the difficulty to apply large loading forces on the human body in microgravity. The human body is well adapted to ambulating in Earth’s gravitational field. A key principle herein is the periodic conversion of kinetic to elastic energy and vice versa . Predominantly tendons and to a lesser extent muscles, bones and other tissues contribute to this storage and release of energy, which is most efficient when organized in the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). During SSC, muscles, especially those encompassing the ankle, knee, and hip joints, are activated in a specific manner, thereby enabling the production of high muscle forces and elastic energy storage. In consequence, the high forces acting throughout the body deform the viscoelastic biological structures sensed by mechanoreceptors and feedback in order to regulate the resilience of these structures and keep strains and strain rates in an uncritical range. Recent results from our lab indicate, notably, that SSC can engender a magnitude of tissue strains that cannot be achieved by other types of exercise. The present review provides an overview of the physiology and mechanics of the natural SSC as well as the possibility to mimic it by the application of whole-body vibration. We then report the evidence from bed rest studies on effectiveness and efficiency of plyometric and resistive vibration exercise as a countermeasure. Finally, implications and applications of both training modalities for human spaceflight operations and terrestrial spin-offs are discussed.

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Section: Physiology and Application Of Reactive Jump Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Impact Loading and the Stretch Shortening Cycle for Spaceflight Countermeasures

et al. 2019

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“…The answer to this question is particularly important for astronauts on space missions, as they do not experience this gravitational acceleration, leading to substantial undesirable adaptations to this microgravity environment, such as loss of bone mass, muscle mass and function, aerobic capacity and orthostatic tolerance [1]. Several exercise countermeasures have already been tested, and in a recent study, plyometrics were able to maintain bone mass, muscle mass and function as well as aerobic capacity [2][3][4][5]. While preserving the most important aspects of physical performance, the jump training was not able to completely preserve orthostatic tolerance [6], and had no effect on the decrease in blood and plasma volume [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability of a jump movement pattern to a non-constant force field elicited via centrifugation

et al. 2020

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Humans are accustomed to Earth's constant gravitational acceleration of 1g. Here we assessed if complex movements such as jumps can be adapted to different acceleration levels in a non-constant force field elicited through centrifugation. Kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity of 14 male subjects (age 27±5years, body mass 77±6kg, height 181±7cm) were recorded during repetitive hopping in a short-arm human centrifuge for five different acceleration levels (0.5g, 0.75g, 1g, 1.25g, 1.5g). These data were compared to those recorded during normal hops on the ground, and hops in a previously validated sledge jump system. Increasing acceleration from 0.5g to 1.5g resulted in increased peak ground reaction forces (+80%, p<0.001), rate of force development (+100%, p<0.001) and muscle activity (+30 to +140%, depending on phase, side and muscle). However, most of the recorded parameters did not attain the level observed for jumps on the ground or in the jump system. For instance, peak forces during centrifugation with 1g amounted to 60% of the peak forces during jumps on the ground, ground contact time was prolonged by 90%, and knee joint excursions were reduced by 50%. We conclude that in principle, a quick adaptation to acceleration levels other than the normal constant gravitational acceleration of 1g is possible, even in the presence of a non-constant force field and Coriolis forces. However, centrifugation introduced additional constraints compared to a constant force field without rotation, resulting in lower peak forces and changes in kinematics. These changes can be interpreted as a movement strategy aimed at reducing lower limb deflections caused by Coriolis forces.

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“…In the 60 days study, exercise subjects recovered static postural control more quickly than the control subjects, but not dynamic postural control ( Viguier et al, 2009 ), while in the 70 days study exercise subjects recovered obstacle course performance faster than the control subjects, but not standing posture control ( Koppelmans et al, 2015 ). In a more recent 60 days HDBR study, a supine jump exercise countermeasure was tested in the form of high intensity interval training ( Ritzmann et al, 2018 ). On BR + 0, the HDBR control subjects who did not exercise had increased postural sway in single-leg stance, reduced locomotor speed concomitant with pathological gait, and increased time to complete a chair rise and walk test, which required at least 8, 8, and 14 days, respectively, to recover to baseline performance.…”

Section: Sensorimotor Function After Spaceflight Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Proprioceptive Countermeasures to Mitigate Postural and Locomotor Control Deficits After Long-Duration Spaceflight

Macaulay

Peters

Wood

et al. 2021

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Astronauts experience post-flight disturbances in postural and locomotor control due to sensorimotor adaptations during spaceflight. These alterations may have adverse consequences if a rapid egress is required after landing. Although current exercise protocols can effectively mitigate cardiovascular and muscular deconditioning, the benefits to post-flight sensorimotor dysfunction are limited. Furthermore, some exercise capabilities like treadmill running are currently not feasible on exploration spaceflight vehicles. Thus, new in-flight operational countermeasures are needed to mitigate postural and locomotor control deficits after exploration missions. Data from spaceflight and from analog studies collectively suggest that body unloading decreases the utilization of proprioceptive input, and this adaptation strongly contributes to balance dysfunction after spaceflight. For example, on return to Earth, an astronaut’s vestibular input may be compromised by adaptation to microgravity, but their proprioceptive input is compromised by body unloading. Since proprioceptive and tactile input are important for maintaining postural control, keeping these systems tuned to respond to upright balance challenges during flight may improve functional task performance after flight through dynamic reweighting of sensory input. Novel approaches are needed to compensate for the challenges of balance training in microgravity and must be tested in a body unloading environment such as head down bed rest. Here, we review insights from the literature and provide observations from our laboratory that could inform the development of an in-flight proprioceptive countermeasure.

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High Intensity Jump Exercise Preserves Posture Control, Gait, and Functional Mobility During 60 Days of Bed-Rest: An RCT Including 90 Days of Follow-Up

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

The Importance of Impact Loading and the Stretch Shortening Cycle for Spaceflight Countermeasures

The Importance of Impact Loading and the Stretch Shortening Cycle for Spaceflight Countermeasures

Adaptability of a jump movement pattern to a non-constant force field elicited via centrifugation

Developing Proprioceptive Countermeasures to Mitigate Postural and Locomotor Control Deficits After Long-Duration Spaceflight

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