High Intensity Interval Training Improves Glycaemic Control and Pancreatic β Cell Function of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

Physical activity improves the regulation of glucose homeostasis in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and healthy individuals, but the effect on pancreatic β cell function is unknown. We investigated glycaemic control, pancreatic function and total fat mass before and after 8 weeks of low volume high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cycle ergometer in T2D patients and matched healthy control individuals. Study design/method: Elderly (56 yrs±2), non-active T2D patients (n = 10) and matched (52 yrs±2) healthy controls (CON) (n = 13) exercised 3 times (10×60 sec. HIIT) a week over an 8 week period on a cycle ergometer. Participants underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). On a separate day, resting blood pressure measurement was conducted followed by an incremental maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) cycle ergometer test. Finally, a whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. After 8 weeks of training, the same measurements were performed. Results: in the T2D-group, glycaemic control as determined by average fasting venous glucose concentration (p = 0.01), end point 2-hour OGTT (p = 0.04) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p = 0.04) were significantly reduced. Pancreatic homeostasis as determined by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA β cell function (HOMA-%β) were both significantly ameliorated (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively). Whole body insulin sensitivity as determined by the disposition index (DI) was significantly increased (p = 0.03). During OGTT, the glucose continuum was significantly reduced at -15 (p = 0.03), 30 (p = 0.03) and 120 min (p = 0.03) and at -10 (p = 0.003) and 0 min (p = 0.003) with an additional improvement (p = 0.03) of its 1st phase (30 min) area under curve (AUC). Significant abdominal fat mass losses were seen in both groups (T2D: p = 0.004 and CON: p = 0.02) corresponding to a percentage change of -17.84%±5.02 and -9.66%±3.07, respectively. Conclusion: these results demonstrate that HIIT improves overall glycaemic control and pancreatic β cell function in T2D patients. Additionally, both groups experienced abdominal fat mass losses. These findings demonstrate that HIIT is a health beneficial exercise strategy in T2D patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02333734 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02333734

The effect of different volumes of high-intensity interval training on proinsulin in participants with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised trial

“…Inconsistent with recent studies showing improved firstphase DI following HIIT but not MICT in type 2 diabetic patients [48,53], our study only showed a significant basal DI improvement following MICT in MetS individuals with type 2 diabetes. This improvement resulted from increased insulin sensitivity with no accompanying change in insulin secretion.…”

“…This is consistent with our study wherein no significant improvement in either fasting intact proinsulin concentration or HbA 1c was evident in a subgroup of MetS participants with type 2 diabetes following any of the exercise interventions. In contrast, other studies have demonstrated a significant HbA 1c improvement following 8-12 weeks of HIIT in type 2 diabetic patients [48,49], which could be attributed to the difference in pre-existing glycaemic status of individuals within each study. Indeed, Malin et al [50] showed that individuals with a combination of IFG and IGT were less responsive to exercise-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity relative to individuals with IGT alone at baseline.…”

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Plasma Omentin-1 Concentration in Overweight/Obese and Normal-Weight Youth

“…In accordance, Madsen et al [21,22] reported that an 8-week HIIT training (strenuous bicycle exercise) had induced improvement in circulating omentin, together with abdominal fat mass loss and enhanced glycemic control in middle-aged type 2 diabetics. However, Nikseresht et al [23] showed no change in omentin after 12 weeks of moderate interval training in middle-aged obese men.…”

“…High-intensity interval training (HIIT) that alternates high-intensity periods of work and periods of rest has gained attention as time-efficient and effective method for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and reducing cardiometabolic risks [20,21]. To date, only few studies examined the response of omentin to interval training in diabetic adults and individuals at high metabolic risk [22] as well as in middle-aged obese men [23].…”

Lifestyle Medicine: An Answer to Type 2 Diabetes Pandemics?

“…Estos últimos trabajos citados no han incluido intervención en los niveles de actividad física de sus participantes para facilitar el posterior análisis de los resultados. Es necesario mencionar que en lo que se refiere a la actividad física existe un cuerpo sólido de evidencia que demuestra que la actividad muscular disminuye la resistencia central, periférica y vascular a la insulina logrando mejorías significativas en la función pancreática y en el grado de control de la enfermedad 14,15 .…”