High intensity interior aircraft noise increases the risk of high diastolic blood pressure in Indonesian Air Force pilots

Abstract

AbstrakTujuan Untuk menganalisis apakah bising pesawat terbang denyut nadi istirahat, dan faktor lain berperan meningkatkan risiko kejadian tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) pada penerbang TNI AU. Metode Desain penelitian nested case-control. Data berasal dari rekam medis hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala dan indoktrinasi latihan aerofi siologi di LAKESPRA Saryanto di Jakarta antara Januari 2003 -September 2008. Kelompok kasus ialah subjek dengan TDD ≥90 mmHg; kelompok kontrol adalah dengan TDD ≤89 mmHg. Setiap kasus dipadankan dengan 12 kontrol. Hasil Di antara 567 penerbang, 544 (95,9%) mempunyai rekam medis yang lengkap, dan diperoleh 40 kasus dan 480 kontrol. Penerbang yang biasa terpajan bising dalam pesawat 90-95 dB dibandingkan 70-80 dB mempunyai risiko 2,7 kali menderita TDD tinggi [rasio odds (ORa) = 2,70; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1, [5][6]97]. Penerbang dengan frekuensi nadi istirahat ≥ 81/menit dibandingkan ≤ 80/minute mempunyai risiko 2,7 kali TDD tinggi (ORa = 2,66; 95% CI = 1,61). Ditinjau dari segi total jam terbang, penerbang dengan total jam terbang 1401-11125 jam dibandingkan 147-1400 jam mempuyai risiko 3,2 kali menderita TDD tinggi (ORa = 3,18; 95% CI = 1,01-10,03).Kesimpulan Intensitas bising dalam pesawat yang tinggi, frekuensi nadi istirahat yang tinggi, jumlah jam terbang total yang tinggi meningkatkan risiko TDD tinggi. Pemeriksaan mawas diri frekuensi nadi istirahat oleh penerbang dapat dipakai untuk pengendalian TDD tinggi. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 276-82) AbstractAim To analyze the effects of aircraft noise, resting pulse rate, and other factors on the risk of high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Indonesian Air Force pilots.Methods A nested case-control study was conducted using data extracted from annual medical check-ups indoctrination aerophysiologic training records at the Saryanto Aviation and Aerospace Health Institute (LAKESPRA) in Jakarta from January 2003 -September 2008. For analysis of DBP: the case group with DBP ≥ 90 mmHg were compared with contral group with DBP < 79 mmHG. One case matched to 12 controls. ResultsOut of 567 pilots, 544 (95.9%) had complete medical records. For this analysis there were 40 cases of high DBP and 480 controls for DBP. Pilots exposed to aircraft noise 90-95 dB rather than 70-80 dB had a 2.7-fold increase for high DBP [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.70; 95% confi dence interval (CI ) = 1.05-6.97]. Pilots with resting pulse rates of ≥ 81/minute rather than ≤ 80/minute had a 2.7-fold increase for high DBP (ORa = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.26-5.61). In terms of total fl ight hours, pilots who had 1401-11125 hours rather than 147-1400 hours had a 3.2-fold increase for high DBP (ORa = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.01-10.03). ConclusionHigh interior aircraft noise, high total fl ight hours, and high resting pulse rate, increased risk for high DBP. Self assessment of resting pulse rate can be used to control the risk of high DBP. (Med J Indones 2009; 276: 276-82)

Occupational Noise and Hypertension Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Title and abstract screening, citation tracking, and the reference list search identified 180 studies for the full text screening. We included 24 studies published (in 26 publications) between 1977 and 2019 [ 44 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Despite extensive searching, we were unable to obtain the complete text of six publications through our library and excluded 148 studies.…”

“…Regarding the sex of the working populations considered, 13 of the studies recruited both male and female participants, although men comprised over 70% of the participants in seven of these studies. One study recruited only female participants [ 72 ], six recruited only male participants, and three studies [ 64 , 65 , 67 ] did not provide any information on the sex of the participants. However, due to the occupations that were considered by these studies and the sex distribution reported by other studies considering comparable occupations, we presume these study populations were predominately, if not entirely, male.…”

Hypertension in Indonesian air force pilots

“…the type of aircraft, (fixed wing planes or helicopters), the length of employment (2 -10, and 11 -25 years), age on diagnosis (23-29, 30-39, and 40-48 years), age at starting work (19 -22, and 23 -26 years), rank (first officers that are second lieutenant to captain and middle-ranked officers that are major until colonel), total flight hours (147-1400, and 1401-11.125 hours), annual average flight hours (29-299, and 300-622 hours/year), and year of starting work (year 1980 -1990 and 1991 -2003). 12 Further, data that may be related to hypertension were also collected, i.e. fasting blood glucose level (less than or equal to 126, and greater than 126 mg/dL), blood cholesterol level (less than or equal to 200, and more than 200 mg/dL), BMI (18.00-22.99, 23.00-24.99, and 25.00-39.00 kg/m 2 ), 14 waist circumference (normal ≤90, and high> 90 cm), resting pulse rate (50-80, and 81-101/minute), resting pulse pressure (10-40, and 41-90 mmHg).…”

“…Grouping of variables were based on the ROC curves. 12 All the data collected were checked manually for completeness and consistency before data processing. Verification of the data was done visually for any errors.…”

“…[9][10][11] There was a higher prevalence of hypertension, nearly always diastolic, and ECG abnormalities in the group of pilots of turboprop aircraft compared to jet plane pilots. 11,12 Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between noise, specifically aircraft noise, on systolic and diastolic blood pressure.…”