High-Intensity Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction or in Hypoxia as Valuable Spaceflight Countermeasures?

Willis, Sarah J.; Borrani, Fabio; Millet, Grégoire P.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01266

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Erythropoiesis occurs in response to hypoxia [42][43][44][45]. Sustained hypoxia exposure triggers subsequent vascular pathologic changes such as an increase in blood viscosity and angiogenesis leading to BM degradation [7,8,10,38]. Consistent with previous studies, we observed an increased MVD in the hypoxic experimental groups [6][7][8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Studies have shown that the mechanism of microvessel proliferation and basal membrane degradation in other diseases, such as cancers and strokes, involves the JAK2/ STAT3, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, and MMP-9 pathways, which regulate the progression of tumor metastasis [9][10][11]. Currently, the pathways involved in hypoxia-mediated microvessel proliferation and basal membrane degradation have not been reported, except the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway in our study [37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e prevalence of CH at high altitude is increased by 10% in Peruvian Andes at an altitude of about 2500 m and by 17.8% in Chinese Han men who migrated to the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau at an altitude of 3700-5000 m [2,4,5]. Previous studies showed that CH arises due to the excessive production of erythrocytes, which increases the blood viscosity causing blood flow retardation leading to exacerbated hypoxic-ischemic injury and eventually angiogenesis and basal membrane (BM) degradation of the blood vessel in tissues [6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, in a previous study, we showed that patients with CH frequently exhibit an erythematic facial color with marked congestion of the mucosa and conjunctiva as a result of the formation of new vessels and that CH is associated with changes in bone marrow MVD [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Chronic hypoxia (CH) is characterized by long-term hypoxia that is associated with microvessel proliferation and basal membrane (BM) degradation in tissues. The IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway has been described in a variety of human cancers and plays an essential role in microvessel proliferation and BM degradation. Therefore, this study investigated the role of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway in hypoxia-mediated microvessel proliferation and BM degradation in the rat bone marrow. Eighty pathogen-free Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups (20 per group)—control group, CH group (exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 5000 m for 28 d), CH + STAT3 inhibitor group (7.5 mg/kg/d), and CH + DMSO group. Microvessel density (MVD) and BM degradation in the bone marrow were determined by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Serum IL-6 levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the levels of P-JAK2, P-STAT3, and MMP-9 were assessed by western blot analysis and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Hypoxia increased serum IL-6 levels, which in turn increased JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which subsequently upregulated MMP-9. Overexpression of MMP-9 significantly promoted the elevation of MVD and BM degradation. Inhibition of STAT3 using an inhibitor, SH-4-54, significantly downregulated MMP-9 expression and decreased MVD and BM degradation. Surprisingly, STAT3 inhibition also decreased serum IL-6 levels and JAK2 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway might be related to CH-induced microvessel proliferation and BM degradation in the bone marrow.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…In these studies, BFR was maintained during both sprints and rest periods, which was different from the present study. These authors indicated that the addition of BFR to RSE consequently augmented blood perfusion ( Willis et al, 2019a ), but that power output during arm sprint with BFR was significantly attenuated ( Peyrard et al, 2019 ). In contrast, the application of BFR between sprints in the present study had no negative impact on power output.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the effect of RSE with or without continuous (sprints + rest periods) BFR of upper limb or lower limb (thigh) muscles throughout the session (sprints + rest periods) on muscle oxygenation has been recently investigated ( Willis et al, 2018 , 2019b,c ; Peyrard et al, 2019 ). Although the addition of BFR during repeated sprinting lowers the tissue saturation index (as a proxy for local hypoxia severity; Willis et al, 2019a ), power output during the actual sprints efforts was attenuated ( Peyrard et al, 2019 ). The attenuated power output during sprint exercise with BFR may be associated with the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce maximal force ( Peyrard et al, 2019 ) and/or a relationship between force and velocity during repeated sprinting ( Fenn and Marsh, 1935 ; Davies et al, 1984 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effect of Repeated Sprint Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction During Rest Periods on Muscle Oxygenation

et al. 2021

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PurposeThis study aimed to examine the effect of applying BFR during rest periods of repeated cycling sprints on muscle oxygenation.MethodsSeven active males performed 5 × 10-s maximal pedaling efforts with 40-s passive rest, with or without BFR application during rest period. BFR was applied for 30 s between sprints (between 5 and 35 s into rest) through a pneumatic pressure cuff inflated at 140 mmHg. Vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation was monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, blood lactate concentration and heart rate were also evaluated.ResultsThe BFR trial showed significantly lower oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and tissue saturation (StO2) levels than the CON trial (P < 0.05). However, power output and blood lactate concentration did not significantly differ between the two trials (P > 0.05).ConclusionApplying BFR during rest periods of repeated cycling sprints decreased muscle oxygenation of active musculature, without interfering with power output during sprints.

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Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium

et al. 2022

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The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities. Numerous non-exercising approaches have also been suggested to improved vascular function, including repeated ischemic preconditioning (IPC); heat therapy such as hot water bathing and sauna; and pneumatic compression. Chronic adaptive responses have been observed across a number of these approaches, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie these effects in humans are not fully understood. Acute increases in blood flow and circulating signalling factors that induce responses in endothelial function are likely to be key moderators driving these adaptations. While the impact on circulating factors and environmental mechanisms for adaptation may vary between approaches, in essence, they all centre around acutely elevating blood flow throughout the circulation and stimulating improved endothelium-dependent vascular function and ultimately vascular health. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms driving endothelial adaptation to repeated exposure to elevated blood flow, and the interplay between this response and changes in circulating factors. In addition, we will consider the limitations in our current knowledge base and how these may be best addressed through the selection of more physiologically relevant experimental models and research. Ultimately, improving our understanding of the unique impact that non-pharmacological interventions have on the vasculature will allow us to develop superior strategies to tackle declining vascular function across the lifespan, prevent avoidable vascular-related disease, and alleviate dependency on drug-based interventions.

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High-Intensity Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction or in Hypoxia as Valuable Spaceflight Countermeasures?

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway

Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway

Acute Effect of Repeated Sprint Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction During Rest Periods on Muscle Oxygenation

Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium

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