High intensity exercise during pregnancy of rats. Effects on mother and offspring

Denadai, Benedito Sérgio; Piçarro, Ivan da Cruz; Madjian, Sueli; Bergamaschi, Cássia T.; Santos, Valeria C.; Silva, Antonio Carlos da; Russo, Adriana Kowalesky

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(94)90216-x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although maternal exercise has been questioned during pregnancy because it may negatively effect fetal growth, metabolism and even viability [7,29], the present study shows that moderate aerobic exercise in the rat does not affect pregnancy outcome whereas it greatly improves maternal oral glucose tolerance. It is well known that maternal insulin resistance and the needs for an enhanced pancreatic ß-cell function normally present during late pregnancy [3,6,16] predispose the mother toward developing diabetes; thus strategies that decreased this risk without affecting fetal growth or metabolism, as is the case with moderate exercise protocols, would be highly desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Studies in the rat have shown that maternal exercise may affect fetal metabolism, growth and even viability, depending on the type of exercise protocol followed. Acute exercise has been shown to compromise fetal glucose uptake because it increases the glucose uptake by maternal skeletal muscles [21,29], and high intensity regular exercise reduces the weight and the number of offspring [7], reflecting some deleterious effect on the fetus. Nevertheless, our present results show that moderate regular aerobic exercise has a positive effect in correcting insulin resistance in the trained late pregnant rat without affecting the outcome of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treadmill Training EnhancesGlucose Tole rance More in Pregnant than in Virgin Rats

Muñoz

López-Luna²,

Herrera³

1999

Neonatology

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To determine whether aerobic training throughout gestation modifies glucose tolerance, female Wistar rats were mated or kept nonpregnant and run or not on a 10° slope treadmill for 5 days/week at 20 m/min, starting with a 20-min run, and with a progressive daily increase of 5 min, reaching a 75-min run on the 20th day of protocol or gestation. The exercise protocol did not modify food intake, maternal and fetal weights, litter size or blood lactic acid levels. The rise in blood glucose after an oral glucose load (2 g/kg body weight) did not differ between trained and untrained nonpregnant rats but was lower in trained than in untrained pregnant rats. In the untrained rats the rise in plasma insulin levels after the glucose load was much greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant rats; in trained rats this difference between groups was attenuated by the greater effect of exercise decreasing the plasma insulin response to the glucose load in pregnant than in nonpregnant rats. Thus, an aerobic exercise protocol that does not modify the outcome of pregnancy does significantly reduce the altered oral glucose tolerance in pregnant rats and only has a minor effect in nonpregnant rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill Training EnhancesGlucose Tole rance More in Pregnant than in Virgin Rats

Muñoz

López-Luna²,

Herrera³

1999

Neonatology

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“…On the other hand, high intensity physical exercise during pregnancy in women can affect fetal health, inducing maternal hyperthermia 8 , increased uterine contractility by hormone stimulation 9 , fetal hypoglycemia 10 , and reduction in visceral and placental blood flow due to diverted blood to the working muscles mass and skin 11 . Higher intensity exercise over a long duration during pregnancy can induce negative outcomes in human and rodent offspring 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal low intensity physical exercise prevents obesity in offspring rats exposed to early overnutrition

Ribeiro

Tófolo

Martins

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Low intensity exercise during pregnancy and lactation may create a protective effect against the development of obesity in offspring exposed to overnutrition in early life. To test these hypotheses, pregnant rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Sedentary and Exercised, low intensity, on a rodent treadmill at 30% VO2Max /30-minute/session/3x/week throughout pregnancy and the lactation. Male offspring were raised in small litters (SL, 3 pups/dam) and normal litters (NL, 9 pups/dam) as models of early overnutrition and normal feed, respectively. Exercised mothers showed low mesenteric fat pad stores and fasting glucose and improved glucose-insulin tolerance, VO2max during lactation and sympathetic activity. Moreover, the breast milk contained elevated levels of insulin. In addition, SL of sedentary mothers presented metabolic dysfunction and glucose and insulin intolerance and were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in adulthood. SL of exercised mothers showed lower fat tissue accretion and improvements in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulinemia and glycemia. The results suggest that maternal exercise during the perinatal period can have a possible reprogramming effect to prevent metabolic dysfunction in adult rat offspring exposed to early overnutrition, which may be associated with the improvement in maternal health caused by exercise.

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“…The effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on birth weight in rats have also varied with the type and intensity of the exercise performed, with results ranging from no change [11–13] to significant decreases [14–16] in birth weight, the latter being associated with higher intensity maternal exercise. Studies examining the effects of exercise during pregnancy on factors other than birth weight have shown increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and improved learning and memory in the pups of exercised rat dams relative to those of controls [11,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Exercise during Pregnancy in Wistar Rats Alters Bone and Body Composition of the Adult Offspring in a Sex-Dependent Manner

et al. 2013

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Exercise during pregnancy may have long-lasting effects on offspring health. Musculoskeletal growth and development, metabolism, and later-life disease risk can all be impacted by the maternal environment during pregnancy. The skeleton influences glucose handling through the actions of the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of moderate maternal exercise during pregnancy on the bone and body composition of the offspring in adult life, and to investigate the role of osteocalcin in these effects. Groups of pregnant Wistar rats either performed bipedal standing exercise to obtain food/water throughout gestation but not lactation, or were fed conventionally. Litters were reduced to 8/dam and pups were raised to maturity under control conditions. Whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and ex vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the right tibia were performed. At study termination blood and tissue samples were collected. Serum concentrations of fully and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured, and the relative expression levels of osteocalcin, insulin receptor, Forkhead box transcription factor O1, and osteotesticular protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA were quantified. Body mass did not differ between the offspring of exercised and control dams, but the male offspring of exercised dams had a greater % fat and lower % lean than controls (p=0.001 and p=0.0008, respectively). At the mid-tibial diaphysis, offspring of exercised dams had a lower volumetric bone mineral density than controls (p=0.01) and in the male offspring of exercised dams the bone: muscle relationship was fundamentally altered. Serum concentrations of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were significantly greater in the male offspring of exercised dams than in controls (p=0.02); however, the relative expression of the measured genes did not differ between groups. These results suggest that moderate exercise during pregnancy can result in lasting changes to the musculoskeletal system and adiposity in offspring, in a sex-specific manner.

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High intensity exercise during pregnancy of rats. Effects on mother and offspring

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Treadmill Training EnhancesGlucose Tole rance More in Pregnant than in Virgin Rats

Treadmill Training EnhancesGlucose Tole rance More in Pregnant than in Virgin Rats

Maternal low intensity physical exercise prevents obesity in offspring rats exposed to early overnutrition

Moderate Exercise during Pregnancy in Wistar Rats Alters Bone and Body Composition of the Adult Offspring in a Sex-Dependent Manner

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