High-Intensity Exercise Acutely Increases Substantia Nigra and Prefrontal Brain Activity in Parkinson’s Disease

Kelly, Nicholas M.; Wood, Kimberly M.; Allendorfer, Jane B.; Ford, Matthew P.; Bickel, C. Scott; Marstrander, Jon; Amara, Amy W.; Anthony, Thomas; Bamman, Marcas M.; Skidmore, Frank

doi:10.12659/msm.906179

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Long-lasting aerobic activity and resistance exercise have been shown to induce an increase of circulating factors such as IGF-1, BDNF and NGF, which may affect brain plasticity in physiological aging or neurodegenerative pathologies. In neurological disorders, exercise training can provide participants with specific clinical benefits, but only if repeated habitually over a period of time [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunomodulary Effects of Systematic Exercise in Older Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease

Szymura

Kubica

Więcek

et al. 2020

JCM

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We sought to investigate whether regular balance training of moderate intensity (BT) has an effect on changes in selected cytokines, neurotrophic factors, CD200 and fractalkine in healthy older adults and participants with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sixty-two subjects were divided into groups depending on experimental intervention: (1) group of people with PD participating in BT (PDBT), (2) group of healthy older people participating in BT (HBT), (3,4) control groups including healthy individuals (HNT) and people with PD (PDNT). Blood samples were collected twice: before and after 12 weeks of balance exercise (PDBT, HBT), or 12 weeks apart (PDNT, HNT). The study revealed significant increase of interleukin10 (PDBT, p = 0.026; HBT, p = 0.011), β-nerve growth factor (HBT, p = 0.002; PDBT, p = 0.016), transforming growth factor-β1 (PDBT, p = 0.018; HBT, p < 0.004), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (PDBT, p = 0.011; HBT, p < 0.001) and fractalkine (PDBT, p = 0.045; HBT, p < 0.003) concentration only in training groups. In PDBT, we have found a significant decrease of tumor necrosis factor alpha. No training effect on concentration of interleukin6, insulin-like growth factor 1 and CD200 was observed in both training and control groups. Regular training can modulate level of inflammatory markers and induce neuroprotective mechanism to reduce the inflammatory response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunomodulary Effects of Systematic Exercise in Older Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease

Szymura

Kubica

Więcek

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Our laboratory has demonstrated that 16 weeks of highintensity resistance exercise rehabilitation training (RT) not only restores skeletal muscle mass and strength to levels found in healthy adults but also leads to improvements in cognition, well-being, and both overall and motor-specific domains of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score (UPDRS) and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), validated metrics of PD severity (Kelly et al, 2014). Furthermore, fMRI analysis performed immediately after a single acute bout of this RT regimen demonstrates heightened activity in key brain regions, including the substantia nigra and prefrontal cortex (Kelly et al, 2017). If these acute effects are predictive of motor and cognitive adaptations to training (Voss et al, 2019) this may provide a mechanistic link to improvements in both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD seen following 16-week RT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Rehabilitative Impact of Exercise Training on Human Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Programs in Parkinson’s Disease

Lavin

Sealfon

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor neurodegenerative disease, and neuromuscular function deficits associated with PD contribute to disability. Targeting these symptoms, our laboratory has previously evaluated 16-week high-intensity resistance exercise as rehabilitative training (RT) in individuals with PD. We reported significant improvements in muscle mass, neuromuscular function (strength, power, and motor unit activation), indices of neuromuscular junction integrity, total and motor scores on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), and total and sub-scores on the 39-item PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), supporting the use of RT to reverse symptoms. Our objective was to identify transcriptional networks that may contribute to RT-induced neuromuscular remodeling in PD. We generated transcriptome-wide skeletal muscle RNA-sequencing in 5 participants with PD [4M/1F, 67 ± 2 years, Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 (n = 3) and 3 (n = 2)] before and after 16-week high intensity RT to identify transcriptional networks that may in part underpin RT-induced neuromuscular remodeling in PD. Following RT, 304 genes were significantly upregulated, notably related to remodeling and nervous system/muscle development. Additionally, 402 genes, primarily negative regulators of muscle adaptation, were downregulated. We applied the recently developed Pathway-Level Information ExtractoR (PLIER) method to reveal coordinated gene programs (as latent variables, LVs) that differed in skeletal muscle among young (YA) and old (OA) healthy adults and PD (n = 12 per cohort) at baseline and in PD pre-vs. post-RT. Notably, one LV associated with angiogenesis, axon guidance, and muscle remodeling was significantly lower in PD than YA at baseline and was significantly increased by exercise. A different LV annotated to denervation, autophagy, and apoptosis was increased in both PD and OA relative to YA and was also reduced by 16-week RT in PD. Thus, this analysis identified two novel skeletal

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“…Moreover, and although not mutually independent of the hemo-neural hypothesis, exercise has been shown to alter coherent neural activity associated with resting state functional connectivity. Schmitt et al (2019) reported that a single bout of light intensity (i.e., <35% of lactate threshold) aerobic exercise improved resting state functional connectivity across frontoparietal networks (see also Kelly et al, 2017). Given that task demands for the SD and MD saccades used here require response mediation via a PFC mechanism (see above) and attentional-mediated visuo-motor transformations via parietal circuitry (Zhang and Barash, 2000), it is reasonable to assert that the diminished switch-cost is, in part, linked to improved resting state connectivity within frontoparietal networks.…”

Section: Experiments 1 and 2: A Post-exercise Reduction In The Unidirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chang et al (2014) reported a 22 ms reduction in Stroop interference response times from pre-to post-exercise. Chang et al (2014) and Li et al (2014) attributed their findings to an exercise-based improvement in working memory and inhibitory control, respectively, with such benefits linked to: (1) increased catecholamine (Zouhal et al, 2008) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Knaepen et al, 2010) concentration and (2) blood flow related temperature and mechanical changes to the brain's neural and glial networks that improve neural efficiency (i.e., the hemo-neural hypothesis) (Moore and Cao, 2008) and functional connectivity (Kelly et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise Provides an Immediate “Boost” to Cognitive Flexibility

Heath

Shukla

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Executive function includes the core components of working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. A wealth of studies demonstrate that working memory and inhibitory control improve following a single bout of exercise; however, a paucity-and equivocal-body of work has demonstrated a similar benefit for cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility underlies switching between different attentional-and motor-related goals, and a potential limitation of previous work examining this component in an exercise context is that they included tasks involving non-executive processes (i.e., numerosity, parity, and letter judgments). To address this issue, Experiment 1 employed a 20-min bout of aerobic exercise and examined pre-and immediate post-exercise cognitive flexibility via stimulus-driven (SD) and minimally delayed (MD) saccades ordered in an AABB task-switching paradigm. Stimulus-driven saccades are a standard task requiring a response at target onset, whereas MD saccades are a non-standard and top-down task requiring a response only after the target is extinguished. Work has shown that RTs for a SD saccade preceded by a MD saccade are longer than when a SD saccade is preceded by its same task-type, whereas the converse switch does not influence performance (i.e., the unidirectional switch-cost). Experiment 1 yielded a 28 ms and 8 ms unidirectional switch-cost pre-and post-exercise, respectively (ps < 0.001); however, the magnitude of the switch-cost was reduced post-exercise (p = 0.005). Experiment 2 involved a non-exercise control condition and yielded a reliable and equivalent magnitude unidirectional switch-cost at a pre-(28 ms) and post-break (26 ms) assessment (ps < 0.001). Accordingly, a single-bout of exercise improved taskswitching efficiency and thereby provides convergent evidence that exercise provides a global benefit to the core components of executive function.

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High-Intensity Exercise Acutely Increases Substantia Nigra and Prefrontal Brain Activity in Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

The Immunomodulary Effects of Systematic Exercise in Older Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease

The Immunomodulary Effects of Systematic Exercise in Older Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease

Rehabilitative Impact of Exercise Training on Human Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Programs in Parkinson’s Disease

A Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise Provides an Immediate “Boost” to Cognitive Flexibility

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