High infection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. among tick species collected from different geographical locations of Iran

Tajedin, Leila; Bakhshi, Hasan; Faghihi, Faezeh; Telmadarraiy, Zakkyeh

doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61131-3

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The prevalence of Hyalomma spp., with Ehrlichia /Anaplasma spp., DNA in this study was 68%, which is higher than the rate of infection in the previous reports from other parts of the country. The prevalence of infection was reported as 4.6% [17], 25% [22], 43.84% [23], and 55.5% [9]. The different results regarding the tick infection rate in the study region could be explained by the different environmental factors, collection time, the sampling method, the tick community structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Despite the identi cation of Anaplasma/Ehrlichia species in livestock based on the molecular assays, less study has been performed in their vectors. There have been only a few studies on the detection of tick Anaplasmosis/Ehrlichiosis infections in Iran, which reported Anaplasma/Ehrlichia infection in ticks in the north and other parts of Iran [7][8][9].…”

Section: Genus Of Anaplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. (Based on 16S rRNA gene) Isolated from Hyalomma Ticks in the Border of Iran and Pakistan

Choubdar¹,

Karimian²,

Koosha³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases affecting human beings and livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. Animal husbandry is the main activity of people in the border of Iran and Pakistan, where thousands of cattle cross the borders into the countries weekly. Methods: PCR-direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of the disease agents in Hyalomma hard ticks. Results: Six Hyalomma species were found in the region, where Hy.anatolicum was the most prevalent species collected on goats, cattle, and camel. Anaplasma / Ehrlichia genomes were found in 68.3% of the specimens. Anaplasma ovis, A.marginale, and E.ewingii DNA prevalence in the infected ticks were 81.82, 9.09, and 9.09 % respectively. The DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the detection of these three Anaplasmosis agents, showing 99-100% identity with the strains previously reported in Genbank from different part of the world.Conclusions: Since A.ovis and A.marginale are considered as important livestock pathogens, and E.ewingii is an important human pathogen, both farmers and people involved in livestock along the border of the two countries need to be made aware of the risks posed by tick infestation and the tick-borne disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Genus Of Anaplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. (Based on 16S rRNA gene) Isolated from Hyalomma Ticks in the Border of Iran and Pakistan

Choubdar¹,

Karimian²,

Koosha³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Additionally, hard ticks of domestic ruminants were surveyed in central part of Iran (15). Recently, some other investigations have been carried out in some other geographical locations of Iran (16–19), and in Kurdistan region of Iran and Iraq (20–22). In 2002, the presence of Hy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick Ectoparasites of Animals in Borderline of Iran-Iraq and Their Role on Disease Transmission

Banafshi

Hanafi‐Bojd

Karimi

et al. 2018

JAD

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Background: Since ticks are potent vectors of various diseases, identification of these species are clinically important to protect the public health and control veterinary problems in the communities. We aimed to figure out the frequency of ticks on cows, goats, sheep, lambs, turtles and also obscure hosts in Kurdistan Province, bordered with Iraq June 2012 to May 2013. Methods: The hosts were selected randomly and examined individually for tick infestation. In case of infestation, ticks were collected using forceps and then preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. All collected specimens were preserved in tubes and relative information was recorded and then identified based on morphological characteristics. Results: Totally, 1209 ticks were collected. The prevalence of ticks on cows, sheep, goats, lambs, turtles, poultry and obscure hosts was 11.33%, 55.41%, 6.53%, 5.95%, 0.9%, 8.02% and 11.82% respectively. The mean number of ticks on each animal was 1.6. Number of 5 genera, including Rhipicephalus, Argas, Ornithodoros, Hyalomma and Haemaphysalis and 9 species; including R. sanguineus (60.05%), R. bursa (0.08), Hy. anatolicum (12.33), Hy. asiaticum (1.49), Hy. aegyptium (0.91), Hy. marginatum (0.08), Haemaphysalis parva (4.22), Hyalomma sp. (0.99), Ornithodoros lahorensis (11.83), and Argas persicus (8.02) were identified. Conclusion: The most abundant species in this study area was Rh. sanguineus (60.05%). Due to high prevalence of tick specimens and a variety of collected species from sheep (55.41%), the vaccination of sheep and control of tick vectors are recommended..

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“…E . canis was isolated from both dogs [ 153 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 ] and ticks [ 128 , 149 , 158 ] while E . chaffeensis was reported among unfed adult Ixodes ricinus ticks in Mazandaran province [ 153 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales cause infections that often manifest as undifferentiated fevers that are not easy to distinguish from other causes of acute febrile illnesses clinically. This is partly attributed to difficulty in laboratory confirmation since convalescent sera, specific diagnostic reagents, and the required expertise may not be readily available. As a result, a number of tick-borne zoonoses are underappreciated resulting in unnecessary morbidity, mortality and huge economic loses. In Iran, a significant proportion of human infectious diseases are tick-borne, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that tick-borne zoonoses are widespread but underreported in the country. Epidemiological review is therefore necessary to aid in the effective control and prevention of tick-borne zonooses in Iran. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive overview of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, spotted fever group rickettsioses and coxiellosis in Iran.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all relevant publications on tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran were searched using a number of search terms. The search was confined to authentic resources from repositories of popular data bases among them PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink and SCOPUS. The search items included peer reviewed journals, books and book chapters published between 1996 and 2017.ResultsA total of 1 205 scientific publications and reports were sourced, of which 63 met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of the 63 articles reviewed, 36 (57.1%) reported on coxiellosis, 15 (23.8%) on anaplasmosis, 11 (17.5%) on ehrlichiosis and 1(1.6%) on spotted fever group rickettsiae in a large scale study involving four countries, among them Iran. The existence of tick-borne pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales was confirmed by molecular, serological and microscopic techniques conducted on samples obtained from sheep, cattle, goats, camels, poultry, animal products (milk and eggs), dogs, ticks and even human subjects in different parts of the country; pointing to a countrywide distribution.DiscussionBased on the review, coxiellosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and SFG rickettsiae can be categorized as emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases in Iran given the presence of their causiative agents (C. burnetii, A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. central, E. canis, E. ewingii, E. chaffeensis and R. conorii) collectively reported in a variety of domestic animals, animal products, arthropods and human beings drawn from 22 provinces in Iran.ConclusionGiven the asymptomatic nature of some of these zoonoses, there is a high likelihood of silent transmission to humans in many parts of the country, which should be considered a public health concern. Presently, information on the transmission intensity of tick-borne zoonoses caused by pathogens in...

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High infection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. among tick species collected from different geographical locations of Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. (Based on 16S rRNA gene) Isolated from Hyalomma Ticks in the Border of Iran and Pakistan

Molecular Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. (Based on 16S rRNA gene) Isolated from Hyalomma Ticks in the Border of Iran and Pakistan

Tick Ectoparasites of Animals in Borderline of Iran-Iraq and Their Role on Disease Transmission

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

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