High incidence of posterior glenoid dysplasia of the shoulder in young baseball players

Glenoid version: the role of genetic and environmental factors on its variability. An MRI study on asymptomatic elderly twins

“…28 support that the glenoid version may change during childhood. Both groups 27,28 found a high incidence of unilateral posterior glenoid dysplasia in higher demanding shoulders, like those of professional young baseball players. Repetitive overhead throwing before the age of 10 years, before the appearance of the secondary ossification center in the lower two-thirds of the glenoid, may damage the ossification centers, with subsequent effects on bone maturation.…”

“…Recent findings by Heyworth and Williams 27 and Kirimura et al. 28 support that the glenoid version may change during childhood. Both groups 27,28 found a high incidence of unilateral posterior glenoid dysplasia in higher demanding shoulders, like those of professional young baseball players.…”

Posterior Shoulder Instability in Tennis Players: Aetiology, Classification, Assessment and Management

“…53,54 The degree of glenoid version is considered to be largely genetically determined in the general population, 55 however repetitive overhead use of the arm before the age of 12 years (prior to the development of secondary ossification centers) could impact glenoid development. 56 Recent evidence 57 identifies an increased incidence of posterior glenoid dysplasia in adoles- Posterior humeral head subluxations can cause glenoid erosion due to shearing of the humeral head across the posterior glenoid rim which can further progress PSI (Figure 2b). 17 These anomalies further reduce bony contact between the humeral head and the glenoid predisposing to a loss of humeral head control, particularly in unilateral upper limb dominant sports such as tennis.…”

CORR Insights®: Posterior Open-wedge Osteotomy and Glenoid Concavity Reconstruction Using an Implant-free, J-shaped Iliac Crest Bone Graft in Atraumatic Posterior Instability with Pathologic Glenoid Retroversion and Dysplasia: A Preliminary Report

“…Multicenter studies may allow for greater enrollment, but do have other limitations, such as increased cost and administrative complexity, as well and decreased ability to keep other variables consistent, such as postoperative protocols for physical therapy and sling use. Still, there may be opportunities to work with certain patient populations, such as professional baseball players [8] (perhaps with the cooperation of their leagues) or soldiers and recruits [1,13], who have been shown to have a higher incidence of posterior glenoid dysplasia and posterior instability, respectively, than the population at large.…”