High Incidence of New Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Year following a Sexually Transmitted Infection: A Case for Rescreening

Peterman, Thomas A.; Tian, Lin; Metcalf, Carol; Satterwhite, Catherine Lindsey; Malotte, C. Kevin; Deaugustine, Nettie; Paul, Sindy M.; Cross, Helene; Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.; Douglas, John M.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00005

Cited by 162 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although trachoma is disappearing in much of the developed world as sanitation and overall living conditions improve, sexually transmitted diseases caused by C. trachomatis are increasing worldwide (Mertz et al, 1998;Peterman et al, 2006). C. trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis secretion of hypothetical protein CT622 into host cell cytoplasm via a secretion pathway that can be inhibited by the type III secretion system inhibitor compound 1

et al. 2011

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Using antibodies raised with C. trachomatis fusion proteins, we localized a hypothetical protein encoded by the ORF ct622 in the cytoplasm of C. trachomatis-infected mammalian cells. The detection was specific since the antibody labelling of CT622 protein was removed by preabsorption with CT622 but not other fusion proteins. We similarly confirmed that CT621, a known secretion protein encoded by a hypothetical ORF downstream of ct622, was secreted into host cell cytosol. Proteins CT622 and CT621 displayed a similar secretion pattern, with both intra-inclusion and host cell cytosol localization, that was distinct from that of CPAF (chlamydial protease/proteasome-like activity factor). However, the expression and secretion kinetics differed significantly between CT622 and CT621: CT622 mRNA was detected at 2 h, protein at 6 h and secretion of protein into host cell cytoplasm at 36 h post-infection, while CT621 mRNA was detected at 8 h, protein at 16 h and secretion at 24 h. The secretion of both CT622 and CT621 was blocked by N9-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-nitrobenzohydrazide (compound 1), an inhibitor known to target the type III secretion system of bacteria. These results suggest that CT621 and CT622 may fulfil different functions during chlamydial intracellular growth. Further characterization of these proteins may generate important information for understanding chlamydial pathogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis secretion of hypothetical protein CT622 into host cell cytoplasm via a secretion pathway that can be inhibited by the type III secretion system inhibitor compound 1

et al. 2011

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“…If infected male partners in the African-American community are not made aware of the need for diagnosis and treatment, women will continue to get reinfected. Given that numerous studies have shown high reinfection rates of T. vaginalis up to a year following treatment in African-American populations, and metronidazole resistance was not thought to be responsible, failure to screen and treat partners is a significant issue contributing to the high prevalence of infection in this community (25,72).…”

Section: Prevalence Of T Vaginalis Among Men In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Issues and Considerations Regarding Trichomoniasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in African-Americans

2009

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SUMMARY Trichomonas vaginalis has long been recognized as one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections. However, it is only in recent years that it has been appreciated that Trichomonas may play a critical role in amplifying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Given the evidence that T. vaginalis likely promotes HIV infection, the apparent high level of Trichomonas infection in the African-American community is cause for concern. Even if T. vaginalis increases the risk of HIV transmission by a small or modest amount, it translates into a sizable population effect since Trichomonas is so common in this community. Therefore, control of trichomoniasis may represent an important avenue of control for the prevention of HIV transmission, particularly among African-Americans.

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“…MSM were identified in the expert workshop as a high-risk group for acquiring STIs; however, the research team identified a number of existing interventions for MSM but a lack of interventions for MSW; 6,7 therefore, it was decided that the intervention would target MSW. Men in sexual health clinic settings may be at higher risk of repeat STIs, 36 as having had one STI is a risk factor for acquiring another, and so it was decided that the intervention would be targeted at men in clinic settings. We worded the website advice in a gender-neutral way, whenever possible, to make it relevant for men with any sex of partner(s) (e.g.…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Men’s Safer Sex project: intervention development and feasibility randomised controlled trial of an interactive digital intervention to increase condom use in men

Bailey

Webster

Hunter

et al. 2016

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundThis report details the development of the Men’s Safer Sex website and the results of a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), health economic assessment and qualitative evaluation.Objectives(1) Develop the Men’s Safer Sex website to address barriers to condom use; (2) determine the best design for an online RCT; (3) inform the methods for collecting and analysing health economic data; (4) assess the Sexual Quality of Life (SQoL) questionnaire and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, three-level version (EQ-5D-3L) to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs); and (5) explore clinic staff and men’s views of online research methodology.Methods(1) Website development: we combined evidence from research literature and the views of experts (n = 18) and male clinic users (n = 43); (2) feasibility RCT: 159 heterosexually active men were recruited from three sexual health clinics and were randomised by computer to the Men’s Safer Sex website plus usual care (n = 84) or usual clinic care only (n = 75). Men were invited to complete online questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses were recorded from clinic notes at 12 months; (3) health economic evaluation: we investigated the impact of using different questionnaires to calculate utilities and QALYs (the EQ-5D-3L and SQoL questionnaire), and compared different methods to collect resource use; and (4) qualitative evaluation: thematic analysis of interviews with 11 male trial participants and nine clinic staff, as well as free-text comments from online outcome questionnaires.Results(1) Software errors and clinic Wi-Fi access presented significant challenges. Response rates for online questionnaires were poor but improved with larger vouchers (from 36% with £10 to 50% with £30). Clinical records were located for 94% of participants for STI diagnoses. There were no group differences in condomless sex with female partners [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52 to 1.96]. New STI diagnoses were recorded for 8.8% (7/80) of the intervention group and 13.0% (9/69) of the control group (IRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.89). (2) Health-care resource data were more complete using patient files than questionnaires. The probability that the intervention is cost-effective is sensitive to the source of data used and whether or not data on intended pregnancies are included. (3) The pilot RCT fitted well around clinical activities but 37% of the intervention group did not see the Men’s Safer Sex website and technical problems were frustrating. Men’s views of the Men’s Safer Sex website and research procedures were largely positive.ConclusionsIt would be feasible to conduct a large-scale RCT using clinic STI diagnoses as a primary outcome; however, technical errors and a poor response rate limited the collection of online self-reported outcomes. The next steps are (1) to optimise software for online trials, (2) to find the best ways to integrate digital health promotion with clinical services, (3) to develop more precise methods for collecting resource use data and (4) to work out how to overcome barriers to digital intervention testing and implementation in the NHS.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN18649610.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 91. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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High Incidence of New Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Year following a Sexually Transmitted Infection: A Case for Rescreening

Cited by 162 publications

References 27 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis secretion of hypothetical protein CT622 into host cell cytoplasm via a secretion pathway that can be inhibited by the type III secretion system inhibitor compound 1

Chlamydia trachomatis secretion of hypothetical protein CT622 into host cell cytoplasm via a secretion pathway that can be inhibited by the type III secretion system inhibitor compound 1

Current Issues and Considerations Regarding Trichomoniasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in African-Americans

The Men’s Safer Sex project: intervention development and feasibility randomised controlled trial of an interactive digital intervention to increase condom use in men

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