“…Nowadays frauds -including substitution, addition, tampering and misrepresentation-in highly value products are mainly related to geographical origin and misleading information, and less frequently to economic reasons. As an example, extra virgin olive oil (Yan, Erasmus, Aguilera Toro, Huang, & van Ruth, 2020), beef (Robson, Dean, Brooks, Haughey, & Elliott, 2020), milk (Yang et al, 2019), fish (Acutis et al, 2019), or ceviche and sushi (Velez-Zuazo et al, 2021). However, the number of truffled product reports of this practice are very scarce (Rizzello et al, 2012).…”