High incidence of esophageal cancer in central-western Brazil

Abstract

To determine the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in central-western Brazil: Goiânia, Brasília, Cuiabá, and Campo Grande, incidence data for Cuiabá (2000-2005) and Brasília (1999-2002) were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, and data from Goiânia (1995-2008) from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Goiânia. Mortality data for the cities of central-western Brazil were obtained for the period 1980-2008 from the Ministry of Health. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the world population of Segi. Mortality trends were assessed with the Joinpoint Regression Program and a P value less than 0.05 was defined as significant. The highest incidence of esophageal cancer among men was in Cuiabá (16.0/100 000); the lowest was in Goiânia (6.5/100 000). Among women, the incidence rates were similar in Brasília and Cuiabá, but in Goiânia, the incidence declined. There was a significant increase in mortality among men in Cuiabá (2.4%, P=0.03) and Campo Grande (1.2%, P=0.05), and in women (1.6%, P=0.04) in Goiânia. Mortality by age group increased significantly in Campo Grande by 1.9% for men aged at least 50 years and in Goiânia by 2.7% among women aged at least 50 years; the mortality decreased in Goiânia by 2.2% for women aged less than 50 years. The incidence of esophageal cancer in Brasília and Cuiabá was similar to that of southern Brazil in some periods. There was an increase in mortality trends for men in Cuiabá and Campo Grande, and for women in Goiânia.

Inequalities in esophageal cancer mortality in Brazil: Temporal trends and projections

“…The results observed for the Midwest region can be explained by the intense migration of southerners to this region in the 1970's, due to the expansion of agriculture frontiers. Migrants maintained the same cultural habits of drinking yerba mate tea, and a study carried out by Silva et al (2013) [ 36 ] calculated the incidence rate of esophageal cancer in two capitals of the Midwest: Cuiabá (Mato Grosso state) and Brasília (Federal District), which were similar to the incidence rates observed for the South region.…”

Genetic history of esophageal cancer group in southwestern China revealed by Y‐chromosome STRs and genomic evolutionary connection analysis

“…Environmental factors are likely to interact with genetic susceptibility factors, burdening susceptible groups and increasing the likelihood of developing tumors [ 67 ]. Migrants, who move between regions at different risk levels for disease risk, provide a unique opportunity to study the impact of environmental factors and genetic predispositions on the risks that trigger the development of particular cancers [ 68 , 69 ]. A study suggested that the high incidence of EC in central-western Brazil may be due to substantial internal migration from southern Brazil [ 68 ].…”

“…Migrants, who move between regions at different risk levels for disease risk, provide a unique opportunity to study the impact of environmental factors and genetic predispositions on the risks that trigger the development of particular cancers [ 68 , 69 ]. A study suggested that the high incidence of EC in central-western Brazil may be due to substantial internal migration from southern Brazil [ 68 ]. Huang et al reported that the elevated incidence of EC in coastal areas is likely due to migration from high-risk EC areas in the Central Plains [ 70 ], and this finding was also confirmed by Li et al through the study of mitochondrial DNA markers [ 71 ].…”

Expression of PGDH Correlates with Cell Growth in Both Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma

“…Esophageal cancers represent the fourth most common gastrointestinal cancer and rank among the ten most common cancers worldwide (Siegel et al, 2011;Dabrowski et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2012). During the past two decades, the incidence of squamous cell cancers has decreased, although the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is continuing to increase rapidly (Gonzalez et al, 2012).…”