High incidence of dry eye in young children with allergic conjunctivitis in Southwest China

Chen, Lin; Pi, Lianhong; Fang, Jing; Chen, Xinke; Ning, Ke; Liu, Qing

doi:10.1111/aos.13093

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Tear film dysfunction can also be a possible complication of ocular allergic disease [7]. In an earlier study by our group, the occurrence of dry eye was higher in young children with seasonal and perennial AC [8]. Frequent eye blinking is one of the most common symptoms of dry eyes [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Previous studies on the risk factors for TS mainly focused on genetic [16] and environmental factors such as low birth weight [17] and maternal smoking or drug use during pregnancy [18]. Frequent blinking and Frequent blinking is one of the most common and important symptoms of AC in children [8], but also one of the features of PTD [2], which is commonly seen during TS onset [3,4]. In the present study, the frequencies of AC and dry eye in the PTD group were higher than in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTD is diagnosed when [3]: (1) there is a presence of one or more motor tics of vocal tics; (2) there is a presence of tics for \ 12 months in a row; (3) the patients have tics that started before age 18 years; (4) the patients have symptoms that are not due to medicine or drugs, or to other conditions that can cause tics; and (5) the patients have not been diagnosed with TS or persistent motor or vocal tic disorder. AC was diagnosed on the basis of positive skin prick test (SPT) and clinical symptoms such as ocular itching, redness, and swelling of the conjunctiva [8,13].…”

Section: Study Design and Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent blinking is one of the most common and important symptoms of AC in children, even when there are no particular complaints of uncomfortable eyes [8]. A form of dry eye associated with AC is characterized solely by decreased tear film break-up time (TFBUT), without symptoms [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children

Chen

Ning

et al. 2019

Int Ophthalmol

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Background Allergic diseases are associated with a higher risk of Tourette's syndrome (TS). Provisional tic disorder (PTD) and eye blinking are often reported as the initial symptoms both in TS and in allergic conjunctivitis (AC). Objective To investigate the association between AC and PTD in children of 4-10 years of age in southwest China. Methods This case-control study was carried out at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2016 and June 2017. Age-and gender-matched children without PTD were included as the control group. Intraocular pressure was measured by non-contact tonometry, tear film breakup time by slit-lamp examination, and allergens by skin prick test (SPT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to adjust for the simultaneous effects of AC, dry eye, and allergic history in children with PTD. Results The frequency of AC was higher in the PTD group (74.3%, 52/70) than in the control group (17.1%, 12/70) (P \ 0.001). The frequencies of positive SPT were found to be higher in the PTD group (80.0%, 56/70) than in the control group (20.0%, 14/70). AC, dry eye, and history of allergic rhinitis were significantly associated with PTD. Conclusion The frequencies of AC are high in children with PTD. AC and dry eye may be both associated with PTD in children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Design and Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children

Chen

Ning

et al. 2019

Int Ophthalmol

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“…Dry eye often occurs secondary to other diseases such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, etc. Symptoms include redness, irritation, soreness, and intermittent loss of visual acuity [15]. The display of symptoms can range from asymptomatic to the general symptoms delineated above, depending on its primary etiology.…”

Section: Pediatric Ocular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric ocular nanomedicines: Challenges and opportunities

Sheybani

2017

Chinese Chemical Letters

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The eye is a highly complex, yet readily accessible organ within the human body. As such, the eye is an appealing candidate target for a vast array of drug therapies. Despite advances in ocular drug therapy research, the focus on pediatric ocular drug delivery continues to be highly underrepresented due to the limited number of degenerative ocular diseases with childhood onset. In this review, we explore more deeply the reasons underlying the disparity between ocular therapies available for children and for adults by highlighting diseases that most commonly afflict children (with focus on the anterior eye) and existing prognoses, recent developments in ocular drug delivery systems and nanomedicines for children, and barriers to use for pediatric patients.

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Quantitative evaluation of lipid layer thickness and blinking in children with allergic conjunctivitis

Yang

Wen

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose To quantitatively evaluate the lipid layer thickness (LLT) and blinking in children with or without allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and to compare those between the different types of AC. Methods For this case-control study, 81 children with symptomatic AC with an average age of 9.62 ± 2.67 years were enrolled and subdivided according to the subtypes of AC, including seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis group and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)/atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) group. Another 82 age-matched healthy children were enrolled as control group. All subjects underwent routine eye examination and measurements of LLT, the number of incomplete or total blinking, partial blinking rate by the LipiView interferometer over a 10-s period. Other ocular surface assessment included fluorescein tear breakup time (TBUT), lower tear meniscus height, meibomian gland loss (MGL), meibum expressibility and quality. Results Pediatric patients with AC had significant thinner LLT, shorter TBUT, decreased total blinking but increased partial blinking rate, especially in those with VKC/AKC (all P < 0.05). A significant deterioration of meibomian gland parameters was observed in AC group when compared with control subjects, demonstrated by severe upper and lower MGL, lid margin abnormalities, decreased meibum expressibility, and abnormal meibum quality, all of which were worse in the severe type of AC (all P < 0.05). Thinner LLT was significantly correlated with decreased TBUT (β = 3.666, P < 0.001) and severity of upper MGL (β = − 7.701, P = 0.002). Conclusion Decreased LLT and blinking disorders in pediatric patients with AC may contribute to lipid layer deficiency in the long run, which should be considered and appropriately diagnosed for a more precise treatment.

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High incidence of dry eye in young children with allergic conjunctivitis in Southwest China

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children

Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children

Pediatric ocular nanomedicines: Challenges and opportunities

Quantitative evaluation of lipid layer thickness and blinking in children with allergic conjunctivitis

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