High incidence of Alloiococcus otitis in otitis media with effusion

Hendolin, Panu; Kärkkäinen, Ulla; Himi, Tetsuo; Markkanen, A; Ylikoski, Jukka

doi:10.1097/00006454-199910000-00005

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This organism is difficult to detect in middle ear effusions by conventional culture, because it shows slow growth in vitro and could hinder recovery of the organism from clinical specimens (6). On the other hand, by PCR, A. otitidis was detected in about 50% of OME patients, a higher rate than for the three major pathogens (2,14). These studies suggest that A. otitidis is one of the major pathogens of OME.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The other half of each specimen was used for multiplex PCR, which was set up in order to simultaneously detect A. otitidis and the three major pathogens S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis, as in previous studies by Hendolin et al (13,14), using a modification of the multiplex PCR method of Post et al (21). After boiling the specimens for 10 min, extraction and purification of DNA were performed using SepaGene (Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Patient Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precipitated DNA was washed with 70% ethanol, dissolved with 20 l of sterile water, and used for multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR was performed as previously reported (13,14). PCR products were separated in 3% NuSieve 3:1 agarose containing 3 g of ethidium bromide per ml at 6.5 V/cm for 2 h and visualized by UV light illumination (Fig.…”

Section: Patient Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies concerning the prevalence of A. otitidis in OME have been performed only in Finland (13,14,18) and in the United Kingdom (2). Other than in these two countries, only a few clinical strains of A. otitidis have been isolated in the United States (5, 6), Turkey (16), Spain (8), and Brazil (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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High Incidence of Alloiococcus otitidis in Children with Otitis Media, Despite Treatment with Antibiotics

et al. 2006

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Acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) are common diseases in childhood. Alloiococcus otitidis is a newly recognized species of gram-positive bacterium which was recently discovered as a pathogen associated with OME. Although some studies show that A. otitidis is frequently detected in children with OME, no study is available concerning the clinical efficiency of antibiotics against this organism. The prevalence of A. otitidis in 116 middle ear effusion specimens from 36 AOM and 52 OME patients was examined by culture and PCR. In addition, the prevalence of the bacterium was retrospectively investigated in relation to antibiotic use. A. otitidis was detected in 20 (50%) AOM and 47 (61%) OME specimens. The organism was the most frequent bacterium in AOM as well as in OME and was highly detected even in patients who had been treated with antibiotics, such as beta-lactams or erythromycin. The incidence of A. otitidis in our study was higher than that in Western countries, and our results suggest that drug-resistant strains of A. otitidis may be frequently spread in Japanese children. Our study suggests that antibiotics such as beta-lactams or erythromycin may not be sufficiently effective to eliminate this organism. Further investigation is expected to reveal the clinical role of the organism in otitis media.Acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) are common diseases and important otological problems in childhood (3, 4). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the three major pathogens in AOM as well as in OME (4,20).In 1989, an unknown gram-positive coccus was recovered from middle ear effusions of children with OME (6). This organism was determined to be a new species of bacterium by 16S rRNA analysis and was named Alloiococcus otitis (1); later the name was revised to Alloiococcus otitidis (9). This organism is difficult to detect in middle ear effusions by conventional culture, because it shows slow growth in vitro and could hinder recovery of the organism from clinical specimens (6). On the other hand, by PCR, A. otitidis was detected in about 50% of OME patients, a higher rate than for the three major pathogens (2, 14). These studies suggest that A. otitidis is one of the major pathogens of OME.However, only a limited number of studies of A. otitidis have been conducted, and no clinical study of A. otitidis is available, although a few studies are available concerning the prevalence or the bacteriological character of this organism. Studies concerning the prevalence of A. otitidis in OME have been performed only in Finland (13,14,18) and in the United Kingdom (2). Other than in these two countries, only a few clinical strains of A. otitidis have been isolated in the United States (5, 6), Turkey (16), Spain (8), and Brazil (5). In Asian countries, even the isolation of A. otitidis has not been reported yet. In addition, as regards the detection of A. otitidis in AOM patients, only the study by Leskinen et al. (19) is available...

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confidence: 79%

Section: Patient Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patient Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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High Incidence of Alloiococcus otitidis in Children with Otitis Media, Despite Treatment with Antibiotics

et al. 2006

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“…Aguirre and Collins (2) named this newly recognized Gram-positive bacteria Alloiococcus otitis, and this nomenclature was revised to Alloiococcus otitidis in keeping with the rules of the Bacteriological Code (26). However, in a recent study using PCR for the detection of microbes, A. otitidis was found in over 40% of child OME cases (3,11) and was more frequently detected than other common pathogens of otitis media (11). There have been reports of the isolation of Alloiococcus otitidis strains which were resistant to both erythromycin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and relatively resistant to beta-lac- tams (4).…”

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Interleukin‐8 Secretion of Human Epithelial and Monocytic Cell Lines Induced by Middle Ear Pathogens

Kita

Himi

Fujii

et al. 2000

Microbiology and Immunology

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Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common diseases in children. Alloiococcus otitidis, a new Gram-positive bacterial species, was isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with OME; however, the pathogenic role of this bacteria is yet unknown. In this study, the ability of cultured epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Hela) and monocytic cell lines (THP-1 and U 937) to secrete chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to the A. otitidis organism and three bacterial organisms mainly detected from middle ear fluid in OME, and bacterial cell components was investigated. When stimulated with four viable bacterial cells, epithelial cells and monocytes secreted IL-8 in a time-dependent manner. The monocytes produced significantly higher levels of IL-8 than the epithelial cells. Compared with that by viable bacterial cells, IL-8 secretion by stimulated epithelial cells and monocytes was reduced when the bacteria were heated and treated with glutaraldehyde. With bacterial stimulations, cell treatment of interferongamma caused monocytes to increase the induction of IL-8 production, however, the induction of monocyte differentiation caused monocytes to reduce the induction of IL-8 production. Furthermore, epithelial cells and monocytes stimulated by four viable bacterial organisms physically separated from cultured cells reduced the induction of IL-8 compared with directly stimulated cells, and monocytes stimulated with soluble extracts prepared from A. otitidis organisms produced IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that part of the IL-8 stimulation of the A. otitidis organism may exist in a diffusable factor released by the bacteria or soluble components of the bacteria itself.

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Alloiococcus

Collins¹

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Al.loi.o.coc'cus. Gr. adj. alloios different; N.L. n. coccus coccus; N.L. masc. n. Alloiococcus different coccus, referring to the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the organism. Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Carnobacteriaceae” / Alloiococcus Cells are ovoid in shape and divide on an irregular plane giving rise to pairs, tetrads, and clusters. Gram‐stain‐positive and nonmotile. Nonsporeforming. Nutritionally fastidious . Grows in 6.5% NaCl (slowly) but not in 10% NaCl. No growth at 10 or 45 ° C. Aerobic . Catalase may or may not be produced. Oxidase‐negative. Gas is not produced. Acid is not produced from glucose and other carbohydrates. Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and leucine aminopeptidase‐positive. Vancomycin sensitive . Long‐chain cellular fatty acids are of the straight‐chain saturated and unsaturated types. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 44–45 ( T m ). Type species : Alloiococcus otitis Aguirre and Collins 1992a, 83 VP .

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High incidence of Alloiococcus otitis in otitis media with effusion

Abstract: The findings suggest a bacterial etiology for OME. Association of A. otitis with the three other species implies that this organism might have the capability of augmenting bacterial colonization in the middle ear.

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

High Incidence of Alloiococcus otitidis in Children with Otitis Media, Despite Treatment with Antibiotics

High Incidence of Alloiococcus otitidis in Children with Otitis Media, Despite Treatment with Antibiotics

Interleukin‐8 Secretion of Human Epithelial and Monocytic Cell Lines Induced by Middle Ear Pathogens

Alloiococcus

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