High <i>D</i>* Pyroelectric Polyvinylfluoride Detectors

Phelan, Robert J.; Mahler, R. J.; Cook, A. R.

doi:10.1063/1.1653942

Cited by 85 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Industrial applications of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been extensive in recent years, resulting in remarkable product, such as electroacoustic transducers used in audio-speakers and microphones/ ultrasonic diagnostic equipment in the medical electronics/ ultrasonic hydrophones for the ocean technology, 3 and the photo-electric (or pyro-electric) transducers 4 for vidicon and IR sensors. These applications are based essentially on the ferroelectric property of PVDF, and its success in industrial application has made PVDF the most promising polymer as an "active material."…”

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confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Effect in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Sasabe

Nakayama

Kumazawa

et al. 1981

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The generation of photocarriers and their transport processes in poled poly(vinylidene fluoride) films under light illumination are discussed from the viewpoint of a ferroelectric property of {3 form crystals. We observed not only a pyroelectric current but an additional current due to anomalous photovoltaic effect. The open circuit photovoltage was estimated as 4 x 10 4 V, which exceeds the band gap potential of PVDF more than three decades. Because of the high resistivity of PVDF, the conversion efficiency of light to electric energy is still quite low (ca. 0.25%), but further improvements are suggested.KEY WORDS Poly(vinylidene fluoride) I Ferroelectric Polymer Photovoltaic Effect I Pyroelectricity I Photocarrier Generation Photoelectric Current I Industrial applications of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been extensive in recent years, resulting in remarkable product, such as electroacoustic transducers used in audio-speakers and microphones/ ultrasonic diagnostic equipment in the medical electronics/ ultrasonic hydrophones for the ocean technology, 3 and the photo-electric (or pyro-electric) transducers 4 for vidicon and IR sensors. These applications are based essentially on the ferroelectric property of PVDF, and its success in industrial application has made PVDF the most promising polymer as an "active material." Here we use the term "ferroelectric" for a polymer which undergoes a spontaneous (remanence) polarization and obeys Curie-Weiss' rule. A detailed morphological study of ferroelectric PVDF has also been carried out, 5 and it was clarified that the ferroelectricity of PVDF is associated with the crystal structure of the f3 form prepared, for example, by drawing or poling of the film.According to the works of Fridkin 6 and Glass et a/., 7 the anomalous photovoltaic effect has been observed in inorganic ferroelectric crystals such as BaTi0 3 and LiNb0 3 , in which open circuit photovoltage exceeds the band gap potential of the crystals by several orders of magnitude. This effect seems applicable for the conversion of solar energy into electric power. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of anomalous photovoltaic effect in a poled PVDF film, and discuss the generation of photocarriers and their transport in relation to photoconductive properties of PVDF. EXPERIMENTALUnder light excitation, electronic carriers (electrons or holes) are generated in a polymer film. If an electric field is applied across a sample, a current, observed in the external circuit, corresponds to a photocurrent !Ph' whereas if an electric field is absent, then the current corresponds to a shortcircuit photovoltaic current Ipv· We carried out measurements of !ph and Ipv on both unpoled and poled PVDF samples qS functions of temperature (T) and wavelength (A.) of the exciting light in the ranges of 20-l20°C and 300-700 nm. In the case of an !ph measurement, the applied voltage across the sample ranged from 0 to ± 600 V. Figure I shows a schematic diagram of the measuring system used in this study. A fil...

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confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Effect in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Sasabe

Nakayama

Kumazawa

et al. 1981

Polym J

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“…These materials are of course not ferroelectric. Earlier work on the semicrystalline polymers, poly(vinyl fluoride) 7 and Nylon 11 s, showed that these polymers can be poled to give a measurable piezoelectric or pyroelectric response, but no experimental evidence was presented in these earlier studies to demonstrate the reversible polarization found in ferroelectric materials. Our work on Nylon 11 and Nylon 7 revealed for the first time that these polymers exhibit J-E and D-E hysteresis behavior, typical of classic ferroelectric materials, and further X-ray diffraction studies combined with FTR studies confirmed that this behavior was associated with switching of molecular dipoles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Ferroelectric Behavior of Odd-Numbered Nylons.

Scheinbeim¹,

Newman²

1993

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“…Therefore, since in 1969 Kawai made the first observation of pyroelectricity in uniaxially-drawn and poled PVDF, ferroelectric polymers have been intensively investigated. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The copolymer was formed using 67 mol% vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and 33 mol% trifluoroethylene lamellar crystals make 0∼3 connectivity clearly, which has been difficult to observe so far. [15][16][17][18] We can see that the films are quite homogeneous and there are no large agglomerations of PbTiO 3 particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Pyroelectric Characteristics of 0~3 PbTiO3/P(VDF/TrFE) Composites Films for Infrared Sensing

Kwon¹

2011

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초록: 두 단계 스핀 코팅 방법을 사용하여 세라믹 체적 분율 0.10과 0.13 의 PbTiO 3 /P(VDF/TrFE) 0~3형 복합재료를 제작하고 분석하였다. 0~3형 PbTiO 3 /P(VDF/TrFE) 복합재료를 SEM 전자현미경 사진으로 성공적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 전자현미경 사진을 통하여 복합재 료의 0~3형 구조를 재확인하였다. 0~3형 PbTiO 3 /P(VDF/TrFE) 복합 재료는 P(VDF/TrFE) 공중합체보다 센서용 전기적 특성이 우수함을 나 타내었다. 그러므로 이러한 낮은 유전상수와 높은 초전계수를 나타내는 0∼3형 PbTiO 3 /P(VDF/TrFE) 복합재료는 더 높은 성능을 나타낼 수 있는 새로운 초전형 센서 재료로 사용될 수 있다.Abstract: PbTiO 3 /P(VDF/TrFE) 0∼3 composites thin films with 0.10 and 0.13 of ceramic volume fraction factor have been fabricated by two-step spin coating technique and analyzed. 0∼3 connectivity of PbTiO 3 /P(VDF/TrFE) composites film was observed successfully by SEM micrography. The SEM picture confirmed 0∼3 connectivity. And, in all the properties, 0∼3 PbTiO 3 / P(VDF/TrFE) composites film was superior to P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer. Therefore, with a good low-dielectric constant and a high pyroelectric coefficient, the composite thin films can be used for a new pyroelectric infrared sensor of higher performance.

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High D* Pyroelectric Polyvinylfluoride Detectors

Cited by 85 publications

References 5 publications

Photovoltaic Effect in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Photovoltaic Effect in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

The Ferroelectric Behavior of Odd-Numbered Nylons.

Improved Pyroelectric Characteristics of 0~3 PbTiO3/P(VDF/TrFE) Composites Films for Infrared Sensing

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