High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Red Ginseng Attenuates Inflammation in Rats with High-fat Diet Induced Obesity

Jung, Sunyoon; Lee, Mak-Soon; Shin, Yoonjin; Kim, Chong Tai; Kim, In Hwan; Kim, Yangha

doi:10.3746/pnf.2015.20.4.253

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Our findings are supported by previous studies describing that red ginseng downregulates PPARγ and aP2 expression in adipose tissue of rats with HFD-induced obesity (Jung et al, 2015) and androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone downregulate PPARγ and C/EBPα expression in human adipose stem cells (Chazenbalk et al, 2013). These results support our hypothesis that decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size following GE and testo sterone treatments are due to the downregulation of adipogenesis genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Park

Yoon

2017

BSL

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It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) on obesity in a mouse model of testosterone deficiency (castrated C57BL/6J mice). The effects of ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. After feeding mice a HFD for 8 weeks, we found that mice also receiving GE and/or testosterone showed decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with untreated HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2) was decreased by GE and/or testosterone in adipose tissues. Consistent with the in vivo data, lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were decreased by GE, ginsenosides, and testosterone. The inhibitory effects of GE (or ginsenosides) were comparable to those of testosterone, and the effects of co-treatment with GE (or ginsenosides) and testosterone were greater than those of testosterone alone in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that ginseng may be able to potentiate the inhibitory effects of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed castrated mice, providing possible therapeutic implications in men with testosterone deficiency.Key Words: 3T3-L1 cell, Adipogenic gene, Ginsenosides, Lipid accumulation, Testosterone deficiency INTRODUCTIONA growing body of evidence suggests that obesity in the aging men is deeply associated with lowered testosterone levels (Michalakis et al., 2013;Fui et al., 2014;Traish, 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015). Low testosterone levels induce increased fat mass and testosterone therapy in men with testosterone deficiency results in weight loss and a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (Yassin and Doros, 2013;Francomano et al., 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015). In mouse studies, knockout of the gene encoding the androgen receptor results in obesity, whereas overexpression of the androgen receptor results in decreased adipose tissue mass (Rana et al., 2011;Semirale et al., 2011;McInnes et al., 2012;Varlamov et al., 2012).Ginseng has widely been used as a valuable medicine in Korea, China, and Japan for a long period (Yun, 2001;Yin et al., 2008;Park et al., 2012). Pharmacological studies have ○ CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.-262 -crine, immune, and cardiovascular systems (Gillis, 1997;Attele et al., 1999;Lu et al., 2009). In addition, ginseng has been suggested to reduce weight gain in animal models of obe...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Park

Yoon

2017

BSL

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“…We observed that HT048 supplementation suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1, and TNF-α. MCP-1 and TNF-α contribute to monocyte recruitment intro WAT and pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications in WAT, respectively [46]. Our results suggest that decreased WAT mass in HT048 groups is strongly associated with downregulation of adipogenesis genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…WAT is composed primarily of mature adipocytes, which are generated through the proliferation of preadipocytes [45]. Chronic inflammation is a characteristic of obesity that is caused because mature adipocytes inducing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines genes including MCP-1 and TNF-α [46]. We observed that HT048 supplementation suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1, and TNF-α.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Herbal Formula HT048 Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity by Improving Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats

et al. 2016

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Abstract:It is well established that obesity causes a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Despite the diligent scientific efforts to find effective ways to lower the level of obesity, the size of obese population grows continuously around the world. Here we present the results that show feeding diet containing HT048, a mixture of the extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida leaves and Citrus unshiu peel, two of the well-known traditional herbal medicines in Eastern Asia, decreases obesity in rats. We fed rats with five different diets for 10 weeks: chow diet (STD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with 0.04% orlistat, a drug to treat obesity (HFD + Orlistat), high-fat diet with 0.2% HT048 (w/w; HFD + 0.2% HT048), and high-fat diet with 0.6% HT048 (w/w; HFD + 0.6% HT048). It was found that both body and total white adipose tissue weight of HT048 groups significantly decreased compared to those of the HFD group. Moreover, HT048 decreased serum insulin levels in HFD-fed obese rats. At the molecular level, HT048 supplementation downregulated genes involved in lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and adipogenesis, while the expression level of β-oxidation genes was increased. Supplementation-drug interactions are not likely as HFD and HT048-containing diet did not significantly induce genes encoding CYPs. Collectively, this study suggests that HT048 taken as dietary supplement helps to decrease obesity and insulin resistance in HFD-fed obese rats.

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“…The dosages of the extracts used in this study were based on those used in previous studies on the efficacy of chronic intake of dietary ginseng extract on obesity in rats. In these studies, no effect was observed with the use of RG at 2,000 mg/kg/d [21] , [22] . All the experimental procedures used were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Chungnam National University (CNU-00245; Daejeon, Korea).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Chronic dietary ginseng extract administration ameliorates antioxidant and cholinergic systems in the brains of aged mice

Lee

Yeul

Sung

2017

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundBlack ginseng has a more potent biological activity than non-steamed ginseng. We investigated the effects of long-term intake of dietary black ginseng extract (BG) on antioxidant activity in aged mice. We also compared the effects of BG on cognitive deficits with those of white ginseng extract (WG) and red ginseng extract (RG).MethodsTen-month-old mice were fed an AIN-93G-based diet containing 10 g/kg (low dose, L) or 30 g/kg (high dose, H) WG powder, RG powder, or BG powder for 24 wk. We measured serum lipids, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, the protein expression levels of choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter, which are presynaptic cholinergic markers in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain, were measured by western blotting.ResultsTriglyceride levels were reduced in all the extract-treated mice, except those in the LBG group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the HBG group were higher than those in the control group. Total cholesterol levels were reduced in the LBG group. Additionally, glucose levels in the HBG group were significantly reduced by 41.2%. There were lower levels of malondialdehyde in the LBG group than in the control group. Furthermore, glutathione reductase activity increased in the HWG group and the HRG group. The protein expression levels of choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter significantly increased in all the ginseng-treated groups.ConclusionThe results suggest that supplementation with the tested ginseng extracts may suppress the cognitive decline associated with aging, via regulation of the cholinergic and antioxidant defense systems.

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High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Red Ginseng Attenuates Inflammation in Rats with High-fat Diet Induced Obesity

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Herbal Formula HT048 Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity by Improving Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats

Chronic dietary ginseng extract administration ameliorates antioxidant and cholinergic systems in the brains of aged mice

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