High hydrogen content syngas for biofuels production from biomass air gasification: Experimental evaluation of a char-catalyzed steam reforming unit

Antolini, D.; Piazzi, Stefano; Baratieri, Marco; Patuzzi, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.075

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been a concerted drive for the techno-economic feasibility, life cycle and environmental impact assessments of bioenergy from various types of biomass and biomass waste and the means of achieving the most efficient biomass-to-energyand-chemicals conversion [67,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115]. These studies show that bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has the potential to limit global warming by providing net negative greenhouse gas emissions [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110]. In biomass-to-chemicals conversion, including ammonia production and in bioenergy applications, hydrogen is always the limiting chemical.…”

Section: Critical Processes 131 Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low calorific value syngas cannot be used in continuous electricity generation as small fluctuations in calorific value cause disruption to the gas engine electricity generation. Hence, oxygen-enriched air, water, chemical looping agents or carbon dioxide as oxidation agents are used to increase the calorific value and make syngas-to-chemical conversion more efficient [67,99,101,105,106].…”

Section: Critical Processes 131 Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the down-draft fixed-bed gasifiers developed by the author, the existing syngas cleaning technology based on commercial Wet Electrostatic Precipitators (for tar and particulate removal) or direct syngas scrubbing were sufficient to produce electricity through gas engine generators at large scales (500 kWe-2 MWe) using various biomass feedstock [67,99,114]. However, further tar removal or conversion of tars to low molecular mass hydrocarbons is necessary for the conversion of syngas to liquid fuels or chemicals, including ammonia [3,74,[103][104][105][106][107][110][111][112][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124].…”

Section: Syngas Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Zone (90), they mix with the gases from the oxidation Zone-1 (84) while the carbon-stripped bio-ash is collected at the entrance of the ash-removal auger (30) and removed gradually as they also act as a seal for the gasifier. Due to the high concentration of solids in this zone, a surface scraper (106) operates in this zone where the operation mode of the gasifier is up-draft. (g) Air Separation/Oxygen Enrichment Zone (20): There are two air separation/oxygen enrichment Zones both represented as (20) in Figures 3a and 3d.…”

Section: Performance Of a Large-scale Down-draft Fixed-bed Biomass Ga...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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This multi-disciplinary paper aims to provide a roadmap for the development of an integrated, process-intensified technology for the production of H2, NH3 and NH3-based symbiotic/smart fertilizers (referred to as target products) from renewable feedstock with CO2 sequestration and utilization while addressing environmental issues relating to the emerging Food, Energy and Water shortages as a result of global warming. The paper also discloses several novel processes, reactors and catalysts. In addition to the process intensification character of the processes used and reactors designed in this study, they also deliver novel or superior products so as to lower both capital and processing costs. The critical elements of the proposed technology in the sustainable production of the target products are examined under three-sections: (1) Materials: They include natural or synthetic porous water absorbents for NH3 sequestration and symbiotic and smart fertilizers (S-fertilizers), synthesis of plasma interactive supported catalysts including supported piezoelectric catalysts, supported high-entropy catalysts, plasma generating-chemical looping and natural catalysts and catalysts based on quantum effects in plasma. Their performance in NH3 synthesis and CO2 conversion to CO as well as the direct conversion of syngas to NH3 and NH3—fertilizers are evaluated, and their mechanisms investigated. The plasma-generating chemical-looping catalysts (Catalysts, 2020, 10, 152; and 2016, 6, 80) were further modified to obtain a highly active piezoelectric catalyst with high levels of chemical and morphological heterogeneity. In particular, the mechanism of structure formation in the catalysts BaTi1−rMrO3−x−y{#}xNz and M3O4−x−y{#}xNz/Si = X was studied. Here, z = 2y/3, {#} represents an oxygen vacancy and M is a transition metal catalyst. (2) Intensified processes: They include, multi-oxidant (air, oxygen, CO2 and water) fueled catalytic biomass/waste gasification for the generation of hydrogen-enriched syngas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2); plasma enhanced syngas cleaning with ca. 99% tar removal; direct syngas-to-NH3 based fertilizer conversion using catalytic plasma with CO2 sequestration and microwave energized packed bed flow reactors with in situ reactive separation; CO2 conversion to CO with BaTiO3−x{#}x or biochar to achieve in situ O2 sequestration leading to higher CO2 conversion, biochar upgrading for agricultural applications; NH3 sequestration with CO2 and urea synthesis. (3) Reactors: Several patented process-intensified novel reactors were described and utilized. They are all based on the Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor (M-RZR) concept and include, a multi-oxidant gasifier, syngas cleaning reactor, NH3 and fertilizer production reactors with in situ NH3 sequestration with mineral acids or CO2. The approach adopted for the design of the critical reactors is to use the critical materials (including natural catalysts and soil additives) in order to enhance intensified H2 and NH3 production. Ultimately, they become an essential part of the S-fertilizer system, providing efficient fertilizer use and enhanced crop yield, especially under water and nutrient stress. These critical processes and reactors are based on a process intensification philosophy where critical materials are utilized in the acceleration of the reactions including NH3 production and carbon dioxide reduction. When compared with the current NH3 production technology (Haber–Bosch process), the proposed technology achieves higher ammonia conversion at much lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the costly NH3 separation process through in situ reactive separation, which results in the production of S-fertilizers or H2 or urea precursor (ammonium carbamate). As such, the cost of NH3-based S-fertilizers can become competitive with small-scale distributed production platforms compared with the Haber–Bosch fertilizers.

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Section: Critical Processes 131 Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Processes 131 Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Syngas Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of a Large-scale Down-draft Fixed-bed Biomass Ga...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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“…Therefore, the development of new and renewable energy sources is key for the maturity of a sustainable society [1]. In this context, H 2 is an essential raw material for many industries, such as steel, biofuels, and ammonia industries [2][3][4]. It is a possible fuel solution for decarbonisation and a form of energy storage resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean H2 Production by Lignin-Assisted Electrolysis in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Flow Reactor

et al. 2023

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Biomass-derived products, such as lignin, are interesting resources for energetic purposes. Lignin is a natural polymer that, when added to the anode of an alkaline exchange membrane water electrolyser, enhances H2 production rates and efficiencies due to the substitution of the oxygen evolution reaction. Higher efficiencies are reported when different catalytic materials are employed for constructing the lignin anolyte, demonstrating that lower catalytic loadings for the anode improves the H2 production when compared to higher loadings. Furthermore, when a potential of −1.8 V is applied, higher gains are obtained than when −2.3 V is applied. An increase of 200% of H2 flow rates with respect to water electrolysis is reported when commercial lignin is used coupled with Pt-Ru at 0.09 mg cm−2 and E = −1.8 V is applied at the cathode. This article provides deep information about the oxidation process, as well as an optimisation of the method of the lignin electro-oxidation in a flow-reactor as a pre-step for an industrial implementation.

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H2-rich syngas production from gasification of cannabis waste in a downdraft gasifier

Lopes,

de Almeida Andrade,

Barros Neto

et al. 2024

Biomass and Bioenergy

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High hydrogen content syngas for biofuels production from biomass air gasification: Experimental evaluation of a char-catalyzed steam reforming unit

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Clean H2 Production by Lignin-Assisted Electrolysis in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Flow Reactor

H2-rich syngas production from gasification of cannabis waste in a downdraft gasifier

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