High herd-level seroprevalence and associated factors for bovine leukemia virus in the semi-arid Paraíba state, Northeast Region of Brazil

Ramalho, Gisele Cândida; Silva, Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues; Falcão, Brunna Muniz Rodrigues; Limeira, Clécio Henrique; Nogueira, Diogo Pupo; Santos, Amanda Martins dos; Martins, Camila Marinelli; Alves, Clebert José; Clementino, Inácio José; Santos, Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista; Azevêdo, Sérgio Santos de

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105324

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Despite this, there are different investigations on EBL worldwide. Seroprevalences of 0.36% have been reported in the Zona Deprimida del Río Salado (Buenos Aires, Argentina) ( Panei et al , 2017 ), 2.27% in three provinces of Ecuador ( Vásconez-Hernández et al , 2017 ), 10.8% in Paraíba (Brazil) ( Ramalho et al , 2021 ), 10% in China ( Ma et al , 2021 ), and 17.7% in Egypt ( Selim et al , 2020 ), with seropositivity below those found in the municipalities evaluated in the present study, except in Ubaté with a seroprevalence lower in contrast to Selim et al (2020) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the management practices implemented in the evaluated farms in this study, a significant statistical association was established between the purchase of animals and the presence of animals from other farms. Although those variables were not considered as risk factors, that differs from Bulla-Castañeda et al (2021) and Ramalho et al (2021) who did report these variables as risk factors for the presence of antibodies against disease presentation. In addition, Nekouei et al (2015) mention that herds that purchased animals with unknown infection status had a higher seroprevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), of the genus Deltaretrovirus and family Retroviridae ( Benitez et al , 2019 , 2020 ; Kobayashi et al , 2020 ; Bulla-Castañeda et al , 2021 ; Cândida Ramalho et al , 2021 ; Nakada et al , 2023 ). BLV generates a chronic, progressive, and contagious disease characterized by malignant lymphoid cell hyperplasia and systemic lymphadenopathy, which affects almost all countries and regions where cattle are raised ( Ma et al , 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, in the absence of control measures, the virus spreads slowly among the animals in the herd, which is why it is considered necessary to prevent the spread of BLV to reduce economic losses related to cattle infection ( Gutiérrez et al , 2020 ; Cândida Ramalho et al , 2021 ; Wu et al , 2023 ). Until now, there have been few seroprevalences of BLV studies in Colombia ( Corredor-Figueroa et al , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia

Buitrago,

eda,

Forero

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), a virus of the Retroviridae family. The infection is distributed worldwide, and a high percentage of animals infected by the BLV are asymptomatic and act as carriers of the virus in many cattle populations. Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with EBL in municipalities of Boyacá and Cundinamarca (Colombia). Methods: A simple descriptive cross-sectional study with random sampling was conducted. A total of 1140 blood samples were taken from cattle (females and males) from the municipalities of Chiquinquirá, Ubaté and San Miguel de Sema, of different breeds and age groups. The samples were processed using the commercial ELISA SERELISA® BLV Ab Mono Blocking kit (sensitivity 97%, specificity 98%). The data were processed with the statistical programs WinEpi and Epi Info® version 7.2.4.0, estimating the prevalence ratio, implementing Chi-square test (p≤0.05) and logistic regression. Results: A true prevalence (TP) and apparent prevalence (AP) of 23.61 and 22.7% in Ubaté, 19.22 and 18.1% in Chiquinquirá and 15.61 and 14.3% in San Miguel de Sema, respectively, were established. Bovines 2-4 years old were the most prevalent in Ubaté and Chiquinquirá (37.5% and 21.21% respectively), while in San Miguel de Sema individuals >4 years had the highest percentage of antibodies (18.3%). The Holstein breed had a higher prevalence in Ubaté and San Miguel de Sema (26.02% and 19.67%), and crossbreeds were more BLV-seroprevalence in Chiquinquirá (20.20%). In Ubaté, re-use of needles was identified as risk factors, contaminated blood in needle is considered one of the main routes of transmission. On the other hand, manual milking was identified as risk factors in San Miguel de Sema. Conclusion: The non-implementation of an individual needle per animal in Ubaté; the Holstein breed and manual milking in San Miguel de Sema were identified as risk factors for the presence of antibodies against the disease. EBL prevention and control plans should be established that focus on the implementation of management and sanitary practices based on herd biosecurity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia

Buitrago,

eda,

Forero

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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“…In the absence of an effective treatment and commercial vaccines, quarantine and early slaughter are the only feasible ways to control the transmission of BLV (Kuczewski et al, 2021 ). BLV was only eradicated from some Western European countries, Australia, and New Zealand and was endemic in other countries, including China, Brazil, and the United States (LaDronka et al, 2018 ; Ma et al, 2021 ; Ramalho et al, 2021 ). In contrast to the situation of Western European countries, within-herd and between-herd prevalences of BLV in Asian, North American, and South American countries were too high to be controlled through eradication programs (Kobayashi et al, 2010 ; Nekouei et al, 2015a ; Ramalho et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Cows Experimentally Infected With Bovine Leukemia Virus Showed an Increased Milk Production in Lactation Numbers 3–4: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is widespread in global cattle populations, but the effects of its infection on milk quantity and quality have not been clearly elucidated in animal models. In this study, 30 healthy first-lactation cows were selected from ≈2,988 cows in a BLV-free farm with the same criteria of parity, age, lactation number, as well as milk yield, SCS, and composition (fat, protein, and lactose). Subsequently, these cows were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 15) or control (n = 15) group, and reared in different cowsheds. Cows in the intervention group were inoculated with 1 × phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) resuspended in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a BLV-positive cow, while the controls were inoculated with the inactivated PBMC from the same individual. From June 2016 to July 2021, milk weight (kg) was automatically recorded by milk sensors, and milk SCS and composition were originated from monthly performed dairy herd improvement (DHI) testing. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)–qPCR and ELISA showed that cows in the intervention group were successfully infected with BLV, while cows in the control group were free of BLV for the entire period. At 45 days post-inoculation (DPI), the numbers of whole blood cells (WBCs) (P = 0.010), lymphocytes (LYMs) (P = 0.002), and monocytes (MNCs) (P = 0.001) and the expression levels of IFN-γ (P = 0.013), IL-10 (P = 0.031), and IL-12p70 (P = 0.008) increased significantly in the BLV infected cows compared to the non-infected. In lactation numbers 2–4, the intervention group had significantly higher overall milk yield (P < 0.001), fat (P = 0.031), and protein (P = 0.050) than the control group, while milk SCS (P = 0.038) and lactose (P = 0.036) decreased significantly. Further analysis indicated that BLV infection was associated with increased milk yield at each lactation stage in lactation numbers 3–4 (P = 0.021 or P < 0.001), but not with SCS and milk composition. Together, this 4-year longitudinal study revealed that artificial inoculation of BLV increased the milk yield in cows in this BLV challenge model.

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Cross-sectional survey for sheep leptospirosis in the northeast region of Brazil

Silva

Viana

Calado

et al. 2021

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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High herd-level seroprevalence and associated factors for bovine leukemia virus in the semi-arid Paraíba state, Northeast Region of Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia

Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia

Dairy Cows Experimentally Infected With Bovine Leukemia Virus Showed an Increased Milk Production in Lactation Numbers 3–4: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study

Cross-sectional survey for sheep leptospirosis in the northeast region of Brazil

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