High-heat flux tests of tungsten divertor mock-ups with steady-state plasma and e-beam

Budaev, V.P.; Fedorovich, S. D.; Дедов, А. В.; Karpov, A. V.; Komov, A. T.; Martynenko, Yu. V.; Giniyatulin, R.; Makhankov, A.; Litunovsky, N.V.; Слива, А. П.; Marchenkov, A. Yu.; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Gubkin, M. K.; Lukashevsky, M. V.; Zakharenkov, A. V.; Lazukin, A. V.; Vasiliev, G.B.

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2020.100816

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Irradiation with helium plasma of tungsten and other metals in several linear fusion devices (NAGDIS-II, PLM, PISCES, and others), layers with a fuzz-type structure were found (see examples in Figures 5 and 6). For the first time, such tungsten surfaces were detected in the NAGDIS-II device [43][44][45][46], then in other plasma devices-PLM [47,48], Pilot-PSI [49], and others [36,[50][51][52][53][54][55]. Post-mortem scanning electron microscopy of such materials reveals a stochastic nanostructured surface with fibers of 20-50 nm in diameter.…”

Section: Fuzz-like Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(a) Such fuzz layers are formed during long-term irradiation with helium plasma for several tens of min (see review [36] and Refs. [37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). Plasma parameters required for the formation of nanostructured fuzz: plasma density is (1-10) × 10 13 cm −3 , the electron temperature is 1-10 eV, helium ion flux on the surface is 10 2 -10 24 m −2 s −1 , the metal surface temperature is 400-1000 • C depending on the refractory metal.…”

Section: Fuzz-like Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat Transfer on Micro and Nanostructured Rough Surfaces Synthesized by Plasma

Дедов

Budaev

2022

Symmetry

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The review summarizes recent experimental results of studying heat transfer on rough surfaces synthesized by plasma. The plasma-surface interaction leads to the stochastic clustering of the surface roughness with a high specific area breaking the symmetry of the virgin surface of the initial crystalline materials. Such a surface is qualitatively different from the ordinary Brownian surface. The micro- and nanostructured surface consist of pores, craters, and nanofibers of size from tens of nanometers to tens of microns, which can provide new heat transfer properties related to a violation of the symmetry of the initial materials. In recent years, new results have been obtained in the study of heat transfer during phase change on plasma-modified surfaces in relation to energy, chemical, and cryogenic technologies. The objective of the review is to describe the specific structure of refractory metals after high-temperature plasma irradiation and the potential application of plasma processing of materials in order to create heat exchange surfaces that provide a significant intensification of two-phase heat transfer. Refractory metals with such a highly porous rough surface can be used as plasma-facing components for operation under extreme heat and plasma loads in thermonuclear and nuclear reactors, as catalysts for hydrogen production, as well as in biotechnology and biomedical applications.

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Section: Fuzz-like Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Fuzz-like Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer on Micro and Nanostructured Rough Surfaces Synthesized by Plasma

Дедов

Budaev

2022

Symmetry

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“…To that aim, an application in a nuclear reactor, where thermal gradients are non-negligible [14], was assumed, where materials such as tungsten are used. In a recent study, Budaev et al analyzed mock-ups of ITER tungsten divertor plates using among others electron beam tests with heat loads of up to 49 MW m −2 [21]. They estimated the penetration depth of temperature during a heat pulse of length 40 ms to be approximately 1.3 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a strong temperature gradient on grain growth in films

Zöllner

2022

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The migration of grain boundaries and, therewith, the phenomenon of grain growth depend strongly on the annealing temperature. Generally, higher temperatures are associated with higher mobilities of the boundaries and therewith faster microstructural coarsening. In the present study, the influence of a strong temperature gradient on grain growth in thin films is investigated. To that aim, a modified three-dimensional Potts model algorithm is employed, where the annealing temperature changes with the thickness of the sample taking grain boundary mobility and energy into account. The resulting drag effect has serious consequences for the temporal and spatial evolution of the grain microstructure.

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“…Tungsten (W) is widely used as a plasma facing material in modern fusion installations [1]. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that the use of tungsten does not fully solve the problems accompanying the interaction between plasma and the divertor surface [2][3][4]. Increased erosion W when exposed to high ion currents can result in reduced component life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the temperature dependence of a carbidized layer formation on the tungsten surface under plasma irradiation

Baklanov

Zhanbolatova

Skakov

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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The paper considers a method of tungsten surface carbidization using a beam-plasma discharge (BPD), which was implemented in a plasma-beam installation (PBI). The advantage of this method is to create conditions for chemical reactions and physical processes as close as possible to those possible in thermonuclear installations. The BPD makes it possible to generate plasma using different working gases. Methane was used as a plasma-forming gas. The working gas pressure in a chamber was (1,3-1,4)·10-1 Pa. The temperature dependence of the carbidized layer formation on the tungsten surface under plasma irradiation was determined in the temperature range of 700-1700 °C. The formation of tungsten carbides in surface layers was confirmed by SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that interaction between tungsten and methane in a wide temperature range can proceed with simultaneous or sequential formation of the carbide phases W2C and WC.

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High-heat flux tests of tungsten divertor mock-ups with steady-state plasma and e-beam

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Heat Transfer on Micro and Nanostructured Rough Surfaces Synthesized by Plasma

Heat Transfer on Micro and Nanostructured Rough Surfaces Synthesized by Plasma

Impact of a strong temperature gradient on grain growth in films

Study of the temperature dependence of a carbidized layer formation on the tungsten surface under plasma irradiation

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