High HCV prevalence in Egyptian blood donors

Kamel, M. A.; Ghaffar, Y. A.; Wasef, MonaA.; Wright, M; Clark, LarryC.; Miller, Freeman D.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91508-6

Cited by 107 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…8,[10][11][12][13][14][15] The ageadjusted anti-HCV prevalence of 24% is the highest reported in a community-based study inclusive of all age groups. In the first report of HCV among Egyptians by Saeed et al, 9 the observed anti-HCV prevalence of 19.2% among Egyptian blood donors in Saudi Arabia most probably reflects the predominantly rural male composition of the subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7] In contrast, a high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) has been found among apparently healthy Egyptian populations, such as expatriate workers in the Gulf Region (31%), 8 blood donors (10%-28%), [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] military recruits (22%-33%), 13,15 rural primaryschool children (12%), and rural village inhabitants (16%-18%). 13,15,16 In the largest published study, anti-HCV was assessed in 5,071 Egyptians undergoing pre-employment examination, and the prevalence increased with age, peaking at 55% among those 45 to 49 years old.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in a community in the nile delta: Population description and HCV prevalence

Abdel-Aziz¹,

Habib²,

Mostafa³

et al. 2000

Hepatology

218

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This report describes a cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in a rural Egyptian community in the Nile Delta. One half of the village households were systematically selected and examined by questionnaire and testing sera for anti-HCV and HCV RNA. Blood samples were obtained from 3,888 (75.4%) of 5,156 residents H5 years of age; an additional 111 samples were obtained from children younger than 5 years. Overall, 973 (24.3%) of 3,999 residents were anti-HCVpositive, and the age-and gender-adjusted seroprevalence was 23.7%. Anti-HCV prevalence increased sharply with age, from 9.3% in those 20 years of age and younger to G50% in those older than 35 years. Currently or previously married individuals were more likely to be seropositive than those never married, controlling for age (Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio ‫؍‬ 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.6). Of the 905 anti-HCV-positive samples tested, 65% were also positive for HCV RNA. Active schistosomal infection was not associated with anti-HCV status; however, history of antischistosomal injection therapy (reported by 19% of anti-HCV positives) was a risk for anti-HCV (age-adjusted risk ratio ‫؍‬ 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5). This study, the largest community-based survey to date, supports earlier reports of high levels of anti-HCV among adults in rural areas of Egypt, although many of those who are seropositive will not have active liver disease. The large reservoir of HCV infection in the community provides an opportunity to investigate risk factors for transmission, the natural history of infection and effectiveness of preventive methodologies, and raises concern about the prospect of an increasing incidence of chronic liver disease in the coming decades. (HEPATOLOGY 2000;32:111-115.)In the United States and Europe, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been detected in 1% to 2% of the general population and fewer than 1% of volunteer blood donors. [1][2][3]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in a community in the nile delta: Population description and HCV prevalence

Abdel-Aziz¹,

Habib²,

Mostafa³

et al. 2000

Hepatology

218

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“…population prevalence (Saeed et al, 1991 ;Kamel et al, 1992)] and Central Africa, although there is a low frequency of detection in populations outside these areas. Genotypes 5 and 6, however, show a highly restricted geographical distribution : genotype 5 has so far only been commonly found in South Africa and genotype 6 has only been found in Hong Kong, Macau and neighbouring regions in South-East Asia such as Vietnam [for review see Simmonds (1995) and references within].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete nucleotide sequence of a type 4 hepatitis C virus variant, the predominant genotype in the Middle East.

Chamberlain

Adams

Saeed

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

175

127

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“…12 Other groups thereafter found HCV seroprevalence rates ranging from 6% to 38% with an average of approximately 15%. [12][13][14][15][16] The reasons behind these high HCV infection rates being 5-35-fold higher than reported elsewhere in the world are still unknown. In Egypt, the HCV seroprevalence was 55% among children who had received blood transfusions and 67% among patients receiving renal dialysis, whereas the HCV seroprevalence was 10% among sexually transmitted disease patients and even lower among children who had never received blood transfusions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively high prevalence of HCV infections in Egypt was first established in 1992 by Kamel and others. 12 Other groups thereafter found HCV seroprevalence rates ranging from 6% to 38% with an average of approximately 15%. [12][13][14][15][16] The reasons behind these high HCV infection rates being 5-35-fold higher than reported elsewhere in the world are still unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

Yates

Hafez²,

Beld³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Egypt, using hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as virus controls. In addition, the association of HCC with HCV RNA levels among persons seropositive for HCV was analyzed. We compared 131 patients with proven HCC, 247 with bladder cancer, and 466 healthy hospital employees. Age, sex, and place of residence were recorded to study confounding factors. Among the healthy controls, 16% were seropositive for HCV, 21% for HBV, and 31% for HEV. When healthy controls were age-matched with HCC patients, the latter were significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) more often HCV seropositive (67%) than were the controls (30%). The seropositivity for HBV and HEV did not differ significantly in frequency between the two groups. The seropositivity for HCV was also significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) more often found in HCC patients (76%) than in BC patients (47%), with seroprevalences for HBV and HEV not differing significantly in these age-matched groups. In HBV-negative HCC and bladder cancer patients, seroprevalence for HCV was significantly (P ϭ 0.002) higher in HCC patients (68%) than in bladder cancer patients (36%). This difference was even more pronounced (P Ͻ 0.001) in HBV-positive HCC and bladder cancer patients (78% versus 52%, respectively). Of HCV-seropositive individuals, 49% were HCV RNA positive by branched DNA assay, and of these, 96% were infected by HCV genotype 4. No correlation between HCV RNA load and seropositivity of HBV or age or disease state was found. Infection with HCV and HCV-HBV double infection, but not HBV or HEV infection alone, is strongly correlated with HCC in Egypt.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes more than 90% of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B (NANBH) hepatitis.1-4 In more than 85% of HCV infections, the infection persists and leads to chronic hepatitis. 4,5 Once chronic hepatitis is established, it may slowly progress to worsening stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis and ultimately lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 1,[6][7][8] In the first two decades after acute HCV infection, both mortality and morbidity remain modest in frequency, but after this period both can be expected to increase.1,2 Infection with HCV is widely recognized as the most common indication for liver transplantation 9 in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Although no firm data are available, death rates for HCC in Egypt appear to be increasing over the last decade. 10,11 Hepatitis virus infections of any kind are highly prevalent in the general population. The relatively high prevalence of HCV infections in Egypt was first established in 1992 by Kamel and others. 12 Other groups thereafter found HCV seroprevalence rates ranging from 6% to 38% with an average of approximately 15%. [12][13][14][15][16] The reasons behind these high HCV infection rates being 5-35-fold higher than reported elsewhere in the world are still unknown. In Egypt, the HCV seroprevalence was 55% among ...

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High HCV prevalence in Egyptian blood donors

Cited by 107 publications

References 7 publications

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in a community in the nile delta: Population description and HCV prevalence

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in a community in the nile delta: Population description and HCV prevalence

Complete nucleotide sequence of a type 4 hepatitis C virus variant, the predominant genotype in the Middle East.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

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